Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Bollywood Film Industry Sociology Essay

Portrayal Of Homo verseds In Bollywood Film Industry Sociology EssayThis learning on the lore on the portrayal of homosexuals in Bollywood ikon industry was majorly chosen as homosexuals pass on al airs been a topic the queryer wants to research on. Moreover there have been several research on homosexuals laws, their societal status, their recognition in the indian lodge, their rights, etc. but there have been less study in relation of homosexuals in media that to in the Indian pack industry Bollywood. After the case and the controversies of the movie FIRE people in India have got an idea about homosexuals but they have gloss over not cut out and spoke about it or have accepted them as a fragment of their societies. Major protest, rallies have been taking place on juvenile schedules in India in different cities by these homosexual people but the society has still not stood up to answer them. India has about 2.5 million homosexuals which makes it 15-20 % of the population. that few studies conducted in relation to this topic say that homosexuals have a bad im while in the society as they atomic number 18 the minorities and they argon seen as negative people in the society. So the researcher carried with the research on the portrayal of the homosexuals in the Bollywood movies their perception in South India.If any well-educated piece of music is asked to control is sexuality towards a women he would say NO they why does the society see homosexuals al unrivalled in a different way? yet because they are minority in the society? Doesnt e precise individual have their own rights in selection of their sexuality that to from a democratic country desire us? The question that is yet to be answered is whether to start discussing these complex issues such a gays and lesbianism. Clearly the place of them in the culture is one of the central debates for decades and media agency will continue to be contested terrain for some time.Homosexuality, it is true t hat it was practiced in the ancient era and other parts of the world including few tribes of Africa where it is still practiced. But in todays world it is a know concept and practice in major parts of the countries and cities. In India on a continuous groundwork different rallys has been taking place in the major cities such as Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi to educate people about the group and also to seek their own rights in the society. From culture to sex everything is related to education it starts from there. Thus this topic homosexuality has been chosen by the researcher in an attempt to make the general worldly concern aware of the existing relationship between similar sexes and to help this minority to gain their basic rights.Among all the media in the mass communication field, cinema is the some powerful and a popular one. Films being the main source of entertainment in India, people of every section of the society like to watch and savour movies. The lack of alter native mode of entertainment in rural centers had resulted in the emerging cinema and it is also a cheap form of entertainment for the demoralize classes whos only other mode of entertainment is chit chatting and roaming in the streets.When cinema has the power to attract so many people in a society like us, one abide imagine the influence it has on the audience life style, but at the same time one cannot also recall the fact that the reel is similar to the real. Especially in Indian movies, cinema in a way reflects our society. It is also a form of affectionate phenomenon. picture palace makes use of all the socio-cultural beliefs and as and how situations changes the film makers also change the pattern of presenting it to the public.All these specialties of Bombay cinema makes it a powerful instrument of image and opinion construct in the minds of our society. Films are a social document and representation of reality. In the case of homosexuality there has been a lot of rea ding provided in the printed, picture and the internet but when it comes to cinema there is a separate genre called the Queer Cinema. How effectively has this genre reflected its main concern that is the homosexuality is the reason bum the selection of this topic by the researcher.Films being a great artifact of the society at these times, they have a great and deep impact on their audiences. And keeping the Indian audience in mind film has been selected to be the most allow mediums it goes across the literacy level and encompasses all sections of the Indian population society, so the silk hat medium to r for each one out to society and to come across the portrayal of homosexuality is through films especially Bollywood films.3.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYThe objective of the study is to examine the portrayal of homosexuals in the Bollywood films through both Quantitative as well as Qualitative research rules.To understand how Bollywood Films as a form of media has portray the hom osexuality?To comprehend the Perception of the Homosexuals on the Portrayal of homosexuality in the Bollywood Films?To examine the perception of media professionals and the public on the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood Films?3.3 operable DEFINITIONSHomosexuals they are people who attract attracted to the same sex mentally, physically and sexually.Gay/Lesbians Gay is when a man is attracted to another man mentally, physically and sexually. Lesbian is when a woman is attracted to another woman mentally, physically and sexually.LGBT Expansion lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Trans gender. It is a community to help the minorities in the society.Queer culture The pattern of life, behavior, attitude, relationships of the members of society who has an alternative sexual orientation.Queer Films The movies whose central themes are ground on same-sex relationships.Homophobia Homophobia is a feeling of hatred or fear towards the homosexuals. Negative attitude towards non-heterosexual peopl e and also uncongeniality towards them.Sexual minority People in the societies who are less in get along and discriminated in accordance with their sexuality or orientation or gender identity.Perception Theprocessby which people translate sensoryimpressions into a coherent and unified view of the world around them. Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable)information, perception is equated with reality for mostpracticalpurposes and guideshuman behaviorin general. (Business Dictoinary)3.4 RESEARCH DESIGNResearch is a way thinking, analyzing examining critically the various aspects of day to day professional life understanding and formulating procedures that govern a item procedure and testing it with theories for enhancement of the studies. In unsophisticated words it is one of the ways to find answer to a question. In this particular study the research is done to find out the perception of public, homosexuals and media professionals on the portrayal o f homosexuals in the Bollywood films.Research is a process of realiseing analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions (Berger, 2000)To do a research there are cardinal systemsThe Qualitative 2) The Quantitative.Qualitative research is generally conducted to know the standard the reference and the abbreviation of a particular topic. Whereas quantifiable research is done on the confirmation of a number or numeric. The researcher did both Qualitative and Quantitative study.3.4.1 Methods of data collectionMethods of Data CollectionSecondary SourcesPrimary SourcesDocumentsQuestionnaireInterviewingObservation postal service QuestionnaireParticipantStructuredCollectiveQuestionnaireUnstructuredNon-ParticipantGOVT PublicationsEarlier ResearchCensusPersonal RecordsClient HistoriesService records(Cited from Research Methodologies, Ranjit Kumar-2005, pg. 118) (Kumar, 2005)3.4.2 Quantitative ResearchDifferent researchers have Different definitions for quantitative research manners. According to Cohen and Manion (Cohen Manion, 1980), quantitative research is a social process that involves empirical rules and statements. He explains empirical statement as descriptive statement about what is the case and real world that what ought to be. Whereas, John Creswell (Creswell,1994) he defined quantitative research as a type of research that explains phenomena by collecting any numerical data that are analyzed using mathematics (in particular statics).In a quantitative project, the problem is best turn to by understanding what factors or variables influence an outcome. (Creswell, 1994)The word quantity comes from a Latin word meaning quantitas.This particular research method measures, counts, focuses and it is statistical , describes and predicts and eventually leads to hypothesis and theory. in that location are different methods of conducting quantitative research but in this particular study the researcher adopted surveying method to collect data from t he general public and to know their perception on the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies.SurveyingSurveying design provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. (Cresw,1994) . A research method used to get information from particular or certain groups which represent a larger group of people who are to the interest to us. We concentrate things on what people know, what they think, they do, their attitudes, beliefs, behaviors etc. There are two kinds of surveys Descriptive surveys and Analytical surveys. Surveys collect data in two methodsInterviews or the self-administrated questionnaires. Questionnaire is a list of questions which is passed over to a large number of people and they are asked to answer it and hand it over to the senders. Interviews can be group, individual, and personal through face to face or even telephone. This method is in-expensive and it is very common. In t his method information can be attained at one time because it collects quantitative and numeric data. (Berger, 2000)Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantitative Research MethodsAdvantagesEnables the description of the social structure that is not directly observable.Well suitable for comparability between groups, areas, etc.None biased and Analysis is between social phenomenonWell suited for Quantitative descriptionDescription of change is applicable.DisadvantagesApplicable only for measureable phenomenaSimplifies the complex realityDifficult to study process and dynamic phenomenaDescription of perspective, meaning and intentions are difficult.3.4.3 Qualitative Research MethodQualitative research is focussed on deeper significance that the subject the researcher aspires to research one. Interpretive, naturalistic approaches to the subjects are a part of the qualitative research analysis. It gives more importance to the data collected or existing information.Qualitative researches re ly on text and image data, have preposterous steps in data analysis and draw on diverse strategies of inquiry (Creswell, 1994). There are several characteristics for qualitative research methodsIt takes place in natural setting.Uses multiple methods that are interactive and humanistic.It is emergent rather than tightly prefigured.It is fundamentally interpretive.It is via a social phenomenon.It totally depends on the participants and their biography and their information.Complex reasonings are used.Types of data collection in qualitative research methods areObservationsCompleter participantObserver as participantParticipant as perceiverComplete observerInterviewsFace to faceTelephoneGroupMailDocumentsPublic documentsPrivate documentsEmail discussionsAudiovisual materialsPhotographsVideotapesArt objectsComputer softwareFilmThe word quality is from a Latin word qualitas meaning what kind? It involves matters such as text, degree of excellence and distinguishing characteristics. The c ommon qualitative research methods areField Studies rivet GroupIn-depth interviewsCase studiesContent AnalysisIn this particular study the researcher had chosen qualitative method in which he would conduct in-depth interviews to get the perception of the homosexuals and the media professionals.In-Depth InterviewIn-depth Interview also called as Intensive interview are hybrid one to one conversation or communication. In-depth interviewing is qualitative research technique that involves conducting intense individual interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspective on a particular idea, programme or situation. (Boyce Neale, May 2006)Qualities of intensive interviews areSmall samplesGives a detailed background and specific answersLengthy observation of respondents.Customized to individual respondentsThe rapport between the interviewer and respondent matterProcess of conducting in-depth interview PlanDevelop InstrumentTrain Data CollectorsCollect dataAnalyze DataDisseminate Findings.Advantages and Disadvantages of in-depth interview (Boyce Neale, May 2006)AdvantagesWealth of details the method providesData is more accurate responses on sensitive issues when compared to other methods such as surveyThe rapport between the interviewer and respondent is easy to develop interoperable in natureInformation obtained through this method is virtually impossible to be obtained from other method.Defectiveness is involvedDis-advantagesGeneralization Takes place sometimes splendid to interviewer BiasSometimes problems in Data analysis3.4.4 TRIANGULATIONIt is selected a model when a researcher uses two different methods in an attempt to confirm, cross-validate or hold findings with a single study. (Greene Caracelli, 1997)Triangulation is a research method used in combination of several research methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon. In this particular research a combination of qualitative and quantitative is used for the study. This tra ditional method was originally used in social science research studies. It is an appropriate method in studying the credibility of the qualitative research analysis. It is one of the mixed method models in the research methods. This traditional model uses both quantitative as well as qualitative in balancing both the methods negatives and doing an in-depth research. The triangulation research process has different models such a convergence, Data Transformation Model, clear Quantitative Data Model, Multilevel Model. In this particular research the researcher used triangulation model to collect datas from all the groups and to validate data.In this particular study the researcher had chosen the triangulation method for a comparative analysis of the perception of the homosexuals, media professionals and the public on the portrayal of homosexuality in the Bollywood movies.-Triangulation Convergence Model (Creswell Clark, confused Method Research, 2007)QUAN-ResultsQUAN-Data AnalysisQU AN-Data CollectionInterpretation QUAL+ QUANCompareAnd ContrastQUAL Data CollectionQUAL-ResultsQUAL Data analysis-Advantages and Disadvantages of Triangulation research method (Creswell Plano Clark, 2007)AdvantagesOverall interpretation is from variety of different factors.Cross validation.Balance between methods.Well validated and sub-stantiated findings and well known for many researchers.DisadvantagesIncreased amount of time needed in comparison of both the methods data collected.Difficulty of dealing with the vast amount of data.2.5.5 SAMPLINGSampling is the tradition of metric research to develop claims that generalize across populations of people, media industries, media texts and the like. (Anderson, 2012) and so most of the research involves some method of try that enters a set of population in the research. There are basically two types of sampling prospect and Non-probability sampling.Probability Sampling It is when each one of the population has an equal or known cha nces of selection. The best of this sampling method is that every member of the population all in equal chances as in simple random sampling or known chances as inStratified random sampling. This method gives each and every individual a chance of being selected.Non-Probability Sampling This method of sampling requires more concentration and thought more than probability sampling. This method can still represent a population in the criterion basis. Every effort has to be make for the control of the sources and to avoid errors in the study. There are different types of non-probability sampling. They areConvenience Samples In this sample the analyst attempts to anticipate the arguments against its acceptance.Quota and Judgment Samples This sampling method needs to ensure that the evidence for the quota values and the judgments made is strong enough to justify their use.Panel Studies The research panel will draw out a random sample drawn according to best practices. sweet sand verbena Sampling Snowball sampling another type of non-probability sampling and a method which will be used in this particular study. Snowball sampling is when one particular participants help is finding out other participants. In simple terms it can be called as the respondent -driven sample. This method is greatly affected by the initial point of access- the one who starts the snowball. This method requires advance knowledge on the set of population thats being sampled. This particular sampling method helps in understanding the entire group of sample to be studied but it is a complex method as it is difficult for analysis and errors might take place due to communication process. The researcher adopted this method in finding out samples for the qualitative research methods to examine the perception of the homosexuals about the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies. The researcher interviewed a samples size of 10 for the in-depth interview and one extended interview that is with a sample one for the media professionals perceptions about the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies.Purposive SamplingThe purposive sampling technique, also called judgment sampling, is the deliberate choice of an viewer due to the qualities the informant possesses. ( Dolores C. Tongco, 2007) This sampling is a non-probability sampling method which does not need any of the underlying theories or set of informants. Simply put, the researcher decides what needs to be known and sets out to find people who can and are willing to provide the information by virtue of knowledge or experience (Bernard 2002, Lewis Sheppard 2006).For the quantitative method the researcher has adopted survey method with non-probability sampling i.e. purposive sampling and collected questionnaires from people in south India who has watched Bollywood movies. A sample size of one hundred fifty was collected from which the researcher got about 120 completed questionnaires. The age group concentrated wa s from the 18-30. The table below will explain the distribution of the survey method sample by age and gender. Sample will be equally distributed among the gender and age so that the analysis is not gender or age biased.Table 3.1 Distribution of respondents according sexFrequencyPer centValid Per centCumulative Per centValidfemale5949.249.249.2male6150.850.8100.0Total120100100.0Table 3.2 Distribution of Respondents by AgeFrequencyPer centValid Per centCumulative Per centValid18-224133.934.234.223-264033.133.367.527-303932.232.5100.0Total120100100.0s