Equity & Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Equity & Trust - Essay Example It has to be understood that the term 'Law' implies an act enacted and passed in Parliament (statutory law) and the common law (principles established by judges in previous trials, procedures and conclusions) in the process of deciding on litigations. The most important dissimilarity between law and equity is the difference in remedies that both offer. While laws equip the court with the necessary set of instructions that enable the court to draw monetary compensations for the damages cased to the plaintiff, the equity enables the court to order injunctions or decrees that direct someone to act or not to act in some particular manner. Often, it is this form of order that is more practical to the plaintiff and provides more convenient remedies to the sort of problems raised by the plaintiff in the court of law. A plaintiff who has lost his baggage in a particular place may seek to get it back from the place and not the monetary value of the contents of the baggage. What marks the distinction between an equity and a law is the non-availability of a jury in the former. Equitable remedies can be decided upon exclusively by a judge, as it is a matter of law and not subject to intervention. Hence the intervention of a jury as a trier of facts is impossible to come by. Legal and equitable remedies are thus distinct in their nature and scope and this factor is well deliberated upon in modern legal systems of progressive states such as the United States of America. The right of trial by jury in a civil dispute in the United State is governed by the Seventh Amendment of the American Constitution. Hence the question of a trial by jury depends on the nature of relief the plaintiff has sought in his prayer before the court. If he is seeking a monetary benefit in lieu of the wrongs done to him, the matter can be decided upon by a jury since the matter is considered legal. But is cases where the prayer is for specific performance or non-performance, and areas where the intended award is an injunction, declaratory judgment, modification of contract etc., then the matter is treated to be solved by equity. Hence in such areas, the jury is not allowed. The foremost distinction between a law and equity is the source of the governing rules from which the decisions are arrived at. In law, the decisions are derived from a set of governing rules that are well laid out in long hand and approved by the government. Where as in the case of equity, it only has general guidelines known as the maxims on equity. It is due to this factor that the equity is deeply rooted on fairness and flexibility. An important criticism that equity has is that since there are no prior written guidelines, the lord chancellor can give a ruling according to his conscience. This open endedness led to the wrapping up of the provision and its being included in to a consolidated system of precedents much like its cousin - the Common Law by the 17th century. History of Equities and Trust The distinction betwe

Characteristics of Competition and Price

Characteristics of Competition and Price MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION Monopolistic competition is the market structure in which there is keen competition, but neither perfect nor pure, among large number producer or supplier. Monopolistic competition is the mixture of perfect competition and a certain degree of monopoly. Monopolistic competition lies between two extreme points perfect competition and monopoly. Characteristics of monopolistic competition: large no of seller Product differentiation: it is the distinguish feature of monopolistic competition, that product of each seller is branded and identified. A firm has limited degree of control over the market as relatively small percentage of total market is shared by the individual firm. large number of buyers there is free entry of firms two dimensional competition price competition non- price competition negative sloping demand curve: firms demand curve (or AR curve) slopes downward to right Price competition: Price competition occurs when firms compete by selling identical or similar product. Seller compete each other on the basis of lowering the price. Price competition happens mainly in three types of market monopolistic, duopoly oligopoly. The other two types of market does not compete with price because in monopoly the firm is equal to industry hence it decides the price of product where as in perfect competition the price is decided by the market and an individual cannot affect the price of the product. Price elasticity of demand in different market with respect to market Monopolistic market: the demand elasticity in monopolistic competition is highly elastic in long run. Because a slight change in price may change the demand of product in long run. Oligopoly: there are only few sellers in the market which does not affect the market. Therefore the elasticity of demand is relative elastic in this type of market. Duopoly: there are only two sellers in the market which does not affect much of demand therefore the demand is relative elastic. CROSS PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND: Cross price elasticity measure the responsiveness in the quantity demanded of one good to change in the price of another good. Substitute has positive cross price elasticity. It exist in monopoly, duopoly and oligopoly as the product are close substitute to each other in the market and there is slight change in the price of the product will increase the price for another product. NON PRICE COMPETITION: non-price competition depends on making a product different from those of competitors and by giving it distinctive qualities that are valued by the target HE market. These might include branding, styling, special features or higher levels of customer service. Such factors can allow a premium price to be charged while still offering target customers Competitive value-for-money.the firms are engage in non price competition, the most prominent form being advertising. The market which is affected by non price factors is monopolistic competition and oligopoly. This happens because most firms are engaged in non price competition in spite of the additional cost involved, because non price factors usually more profitable than selling for a lower price and avoid the risk of a price war. NON PRICE FACTOR AFFECTING DEMAND Income of the consumer Price of related goods Change in taste of consumer The expectation of buyer may change Change in the number of buyer. NON PRICE FACTOR AFFECTING SUPPLY Change in the input cost Change in the technology Change in expectation of consumer Change in the number of seller. NON PRICE COMPETITION AND ITS EXISTANCE PERFECT COMPETITION: all the products are homogenous in nature there is no point of non-price competition as it will not make a difference. MONOPOLY: there is only one producer in monopolistic competition thus the concept of non-price competition does not apply. In Monopolistic competition oligopoly non-price competition is applicable. Product differentiation: a situation where a producer or firm tries to win over the market or increase its market share by adding certain features to the product so that it becomes different form the other products. Features of product differentiation. Technical standards-this refer to the aspect s to how advance is the product in terms of the current state of technology. For example if youre purchasing PC then this point would play a very vital role in the consideration. Quality standards- this refers to the quality of raw material used in the product whether it be related to the manufacturing r the assembling if the product, as this directly effects the durability if the product and therefore its usefulness and life. Therefore the quality of the product plays a very important role in non-price competition. Design standards-it refers to the overall structure of the product that is provided in the market by a customer. This can play a vital role in attracting the customers. As the product provided has to be aesthetically good. Thus the producers can try and make a better design standard of their product. Service standards-this point generally refers to the after services given to the customers after the purchase has been made them and thus if the after sales provided to a customer is good by any company then the level of satisfaction also will be high. Advantages of non-price competition The quality of the product is in focus which helps companies to become unique and diffentiate from other rival companies. The design and distinguishing features of goods and services offered in the marketplace matches the demand and needs of the people in that area. The location of distribution for targeted customers is given importance. Goods reach buyers matching their own convenience and needs. Offers innovation like on-line shopping. Good for people that just stop during meals and sleep Marketers think out of the box in order to attract customers to be interested in what they are offering instead of their competitor. Types of product differentiation: Vertical product differentiation- this can be defined as where a product differs from the product that its rival firm produces in terms of quality. Horizontal product differentiation- this can be defined as when a product differs from the rivals products, although the quality of the product seems to be of the similar nature.

Essays --

This research proposal will be dealing with the growing problem of attention deficit hyperactive disorder, or also known commonly as ADHD, in the United States. ADHD has grown from the 1% of the childhood population in the 1970’s to its current rate of 5% of the school age population according to National Survey of Children’s Health. That is a 400% increase over 40 years. With this type of increase, so has the increase of medication children are prescribed to help them cope with the disorder. This study will be looking at what kind of effect these medications are having on young children and, if any, the affects of the medication on the child meeting milestones in their education. H- Dietary eliminations from a child diagnosed with ADHA can have a notable positive effect. H1- Dietary eliminations from a child diagnosed with ADHA does not have a notable positive effect. Chapter 1: Introduction to research proposal. ADHD is defined by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequently displayed and is more severe than is typically observed in individuals at comparable level of development (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). There are several characteristics that are present in ADHA that include hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that must have been present in a child’s life before they reach seven years of age. Some impairment from the symptoms of ADHD must be present in at least two settings. A doctor must observe clear evidence of interference with developmentally appropriate social, academic or occupational functioning and the disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorders and... ...t even harder to study and find the true results of the effect they have on children. One that has been studied is known simply as Yellow Number 5 has been studied alone. The results are that they could not find a direct link to it and hyperactivity but it is the second most used dye in the United State. Yello Number 5 is called tartrazine and is commonly found in all of the following: Nabisco Cheese Nips Four Cheese; Frito-Lay Sun Chips Harvest Cheddar and other Frito-Lay products; some Hunt's Snack Pack Pudding products; Lucky Charms; Eggo waffles and other waffle products; some Pop-Tarts products; various Kraft macaroni and cheese products; Betty Crocker Hamburger Helper and other products; some Oscar Mayer Lunchables products; Hot Pockets Ham & Cheese; some Hostess cup cakes; some Betty Crocker frostings; some M&M's and Skittles products; some Gatorade products.

International Law and Individual Rights Essay

The international law has been undergoing some evolutions since early and mid 19th century. The original international law laid a lot of emphasis on just the state as the custodian of individual rights of its citizens. (L. Oppenheim, 1912. )However, the law deemed inadequate to address individual rights, thus, following some developments, the law has undergone some transformations, which are aimed at promoting individual rights, regardless of their country, state, race, gender or religion. The main developments which have triggered these evolutions of the international law include the Holocaust, the Second World War and the establishment of international criminal courts mainly to try the perpetrators of recent genocides like the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda The Holocaust was a form of genocide, in which Germany, lead by Adolf Hitler, undertook the extermination of stateless Jews in Germany in which 6 million Jews were killed. Nazi Germany planned and implemented the Holocaust because of the domestic jurisdiction principle of the then international law, which prevented any other state from interfering when Hitler undertook the persecution of the Jews. This made the Geneva Convention which came into being between 1864 and 1949 as a result of efforts by Henry Dunant, realize that the law needed radical changes to enable the international community to intervene in domestic matters of a nation especially those linked to individual rights (Buergenthal, T. 978 and 1997) The need for further changes to the status of individuals under international law went a notch higher after the Second World War, in which many people lost their lives due to the state of anarchy which prevailed then. In 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt in his freedom speech called for a world order in which the world could be founded upon four freedoms namely freedom of speech and expression, International Law and Individual Rights 4 reedom of worship in any way, freedom from want and freedom from fear. This was followed by the formation of the United Nations in 1949, whose main concern, among others was to address the International law, so as to empower the international community to address large scale violations of individual rights. The international law was further to evolve with the establishment of international criminal courts mainly to try the perpetrators of recent genocides like the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda which took place in mid 1990s. A treaty to create the new international criminal court was formed in 2002, while the international criminal court was formally constituted in 2003, about six decades after the Nuremberg trials (R. K. Woetzel 1962) and the Holocaust. The main objective of this court is to ensure that nations revise their human rights aspects in their constitutions and more importantly, prosecute the leaders who oversee the violation of human rights. It can be seen that international law has undergone all these evolutions, which are all inclined towards protecting the rights of the individual, not just the nation.

Introduction to Modern Management

Introduction to Modern Management Lindsay Bursar Aspen University Abstract Throughout history many different theories have been developed, researched, written about and put to the test in actual work place setting to see how well they work and how effective they are. Lower-level management, comprehensive analysis of management and human relations movement in management theory are Just a few of them. Each theory was and still is important in today's modern business world.Every theory has had some kind of impact on the new theories in management that eave come about since then and will still continue to have an impact in the future. It's important that managers now and managers in the future are educated on these different management theories so that they can provide the support and education to their employees need and deserve. This will foster a positive work environment that will lead to increased productivity and success within companies. Every company must have good, competent man agers in order to survive and be successful.Module 1 Introduction to Modern Management Assignments: Essay Questions â€Å"Managers should be paid more than regular employees. † Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer in scholarly detail. There are many reasons management should be paid more than a regular employee. One of the reasons being the workload managers take on and another being the necessary skills that a manager must possess to name Just a few. As a current member of management at the hospice agency I work for, I agree that management should be paid more.However, I agreed with this before I became management as well. As a regular employee I saw everyday how different the workload was between a regular employee and management. According to a recent study an average manager is actually worth 1. 75 employees (Edwards, 2012). After being promoted into my current management position, I agree with this statement 100%. Now instead of doing the Job of one, I'm doing the Job of three and still manage to get everything done and in on time or ahead of a deadline while also managing my employees.Employees in my old position who have the workload of only one sometimes struggle to meet the same deadlines. The expectation of productivity is much higher for a manager versus those of a regular employee. The importance of a good manager cannot be stressed enough. Management influences every aspect of an organization from top management to lower level management (Cert. & Cert., 012). If any organization or company intends on being successful then it is of the utmost importance that they hire good management because these people are the ones who lead the company towards their goals and towards success.Good management must have the skills to carry out the four basic management functions; planning, organizing, influencing and controlling (Cert. & Cert., 2012). Without these skills any member of management would be ineffective and unsuccessful. Manager s should be paid more than regular employees because not every employee in an organization possesses these skills. If every employee did, the need for management would be obsolete. â€Å"Discuss in scholarly detail why it is important for managers to be aware of cultural differences in their dealings with people. One of the biggest reasons it's important for management to aware of cultural difference is because of the increase in multi-national businesses and business deals. In today's business world an increasing number of companies have started doing business with people from different countries and cultures. Because of this trend of globalization, it is very important that managers understand and respect cultural differences. If differences in customs and culture are not known or not respected, business deals can quickly go south and be lost (Brown).Managers must know what kind of behaviors would be inappropriate in situations where you are dealing with people from other culture s in order to avoid doing anything that would be deemed rude or disrespectful. They need to be able to teach their employees what is acceptable and prepare their employees and themselves for interactions where this knowledge is paramount. One of the best things managers can to do to prepare their staff for these interactions is cultural awareness training (Acculturates! Consulting, 2011).By giving staff cultural awareness training they're being given the tools to learn about the customs and cultures they'll be interacting with. Employees will go to meetings for business deals or potential business deals armed with the cultural knowledge to ensure that they will not offend or come across as disrespectful. This training and knowledge that managers give to their employees will enable them to be culturally sensitive. This will make not only the employees, but also the company move forward and be successful in the international business world. How is lower-level management analysis diffe rent from comprehensive analysis of management? Is the latter approach suitable for an organization focusing on increasing productivity by concentrating on the ‘one best way to perform a task? Explain your answer in scholarly detail! † According to Cert. & Cert. (2012), â€Å"lower-level management analysis concentrates on the ‘one best way to perform a task† (p. 28). This means each task a worker does is closely looked at and studied to come up with the most efficient way to complete the task that will yield the highest production.This approach is also known as the scientific method of management (Cert. & Cert., 2012). Frederick W. Taylor has come commonly known as the creator of scientific management. While Taylor worked at Bethlehem Steel Co. His goal was to increase worker efficiency and productivity. He did this on the idea that â€Å"every Job had one best way to do it and that this way should be discovered and put into operation† (Cert. & Cert. , 2012, p. 29). This approach differs from the comprehensive analysis of management because it looks at very specific tasks and simplifies each task as much as possible to create efficiency.Comprehensive analysis of management focuses on â€Å"the entire range of managerial performance† (Cert. & Cert., 2012, p. 32). Whereas lower-level management analysis or scientific management focused more on the micro aspects of how to efficiently do a Job, comprehensive analysis of managements focuses on the macro aspects. Henry Payola was very influential in creating a management philosophy for the comprehensive analysis of management (Cert. & Cert., 2012). So much so that the general ideas and principles of management that he wrote about are still considered very useful in today's management world.Payola had 14 main principles of management that cover many different topics and believed that having managerial excellence is an ability that can be obtained (Summon, 2010). The three bigges t principles that Payola focused on were â€Å"organizational efficiency, the handling of people, and appropriate management action† (Cert. & Cert., 2012, p. 33). These principles can be seen being used in modern management today. I believe that using the comprehensive analysis of management is suitable to use in an organization that is focusing on the â€Å"one best way' to do a Job to increase the organizations productivity.While Frederick W. Tailor's contributions to the management world were very influential and important, they are also unpopular because of the extreme his ideas went to. In order to increase productivity the whole many should first be working towards a common goal or direction. If a company is focusing solely on the â€Å"one best way' to complete a task, that is the goal there are focusing on first with increased productivity second. By focusing on the â€Å"one best way,† other aspects and employees in a company are being ignored which ultimate ly will not lead a company towards increased productivity.Looking at a company and the company's goal in a comprehensive view is what will help achieve the goal of increased productivity. Everything and everybody must work in conjunction with one other to reach their goals. Discuss in scholarly detail the human relations movement in management theory. How would you, as a manager in an organization, use the human relations approach to manage employees? † According to Cert. & Cert. (2012), the human relations movement is â€Å"a people- oriented approach to management in which the interaction of people in organizations is studied to Judge its impact on organizational success† (p. 5). This movement was started because of the Hawthorne studies that were conducted from 1927 to 1932 by Professor Elton Mayo (Cert. & Cert., 2012). These studies gave managers a lot to think about and a new direction to start researching. The human relations movement focuses more on employees as individuals instead of focusing on procedures and policies in the workplace (Ziegler, 2014). Instead of a company environment that focuses on quotas and procedures, the environment focuses on communication between managers and employees.With a better understanding of employees and an environment more focused on communication, production and success for a company can actually increase. If the workplace is negative, noncommittal and unproductive, then there are some big changes that would need to be made. As a manager I would use this knowledge o learn about my employees and find out what motivates them to work more efficiently and productively. I would figure what exactly would help create commitment to the company from employees and grow off of that.I would start building relationships between management and employees to strengthen the unity within the company to continue working towards the common goal of success. If an attitude of commitment and high productivity can be grown and fostered within the employees then the manager is doing a good Job of creating an effective work environment. Good relationships with the employee's means employees are titivated and will work harder and more productively. â€Å"Discuss in scholarly detail how a manager's understanding of his employees' physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs improve productivity? Managers must have human relations skills in order to be effective. Human relations skills are defined as â€Å"the ability to work with people in a way that enhances organizational success† according to Cert. & Cert. (2012). It's important that managers understand Mascots Hierarchy of Needs to improve productivity within their employees. The five levels of Mascots Hierarchy of Needs are physiological, feet, social, esteem and self-actualization (Burton, 2012). In order for people to achieve the top level of self-actualization, each of the other levels must first be fulfilled starting wi th the lowest and then making the way up the hierarchy.These five levels are not only pertinent to people's lives outside of work but also their lives and well-being in the work place. The first level, physiological, is people's need for air, food, sleep, etc. If an employee doesn't have those basic needs met then they come to work tired or feeling sick and their productivity will be decreased. The second level, feet, has to do with people's need to feel secure. Within the workplace, employees need to feel safe and secure in their Job on a daily basis to keep up their productivity. The third level, social, refers to peoples need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance.Within a company it's important that employees feel valued and part of a team. The fourth level, esteem, is what will make employees feel confident. After an employee masters a skill and is recognized for it, their self-esteem will rise. This can lead to an increase in productivity because they are proud of themsel ves and what they've accomplished. The last level is self-actualization. An employee strives to the best that they can and be all that they can possibly be. Once that is reached, the employee will be satisfied within their Job. They'll feel accomplished and part of a team.

Custom Term Paper

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buy custom Teamwork in the Organization of Toyota essay

buy custom Teamwork in the Organization of Toyota essay Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is among the leading automakers that provides a full range of models from mini-vehicles to large trucks. It has been noted to be a company with excellent human resource standards and a continuous and overall interest of pursuing harmonious growth and enhancing profitability. At Toyota, the employees have maintained a culture of The Toyota Way by continually receiving training in the Toyota Production System. Through this the company has fostered various work value practices. Toyota has adopted motivational and teamwork practices with astounding success. Toyota believes that human resource is the hub of the corporate system; hence, improving motivation and team work practices of employees is the key of maintaining a strong culture (Toyota n.d.).This paper will discuss motivational and teamwork practices employed by the company. Motivational Practices One of Toyotas keys to success has been its dedication to ensuring employee motivation. Toyota has been able to implement its motivational practices by offering an assured lifetime employment for its employees. It has focused on kaizen or continuous improvement by motivating its employees through investing considerable resources to training and education. With regards to the same, Toyota has implemented motivational practices on the women employees by ensuring that they are able to work and raise children simultaneously and build their career visions autonomously and actively. Besides, it has created an on-site childcare facility designed to assist employees fulfill their child rearing duties and their work-related tasks at the same time. Additionally, Toyotas management has created bimonthly family days (including staff members and relatives) to travel to upcountry trips and hosted birthday parties for all its employees (Sisodia, Wolfe, Sheth, 2007). Reward systems are undeniably among the major motivating practices the company utilizes to encourage its staff. In order to motivate employees, Toyota utilizes rewards practices by providing incentives including home loans, sport areas and insurances, paid vacation, and private health and dental care. Toyota has been categorized among the top 10 with regards to the same. Furthermore, the reward practice encompasses a general gain-sharing program anchored in realizing annual profit and quality goals for the organization. It has also afforded a pay scale founded on three elements of company profitability: one bonus is related to seniority, the second bonus payment is linked to teams performance, another bonus payment is allocated to workers merit, and finally, employees wages is normally raised from 85 percent to 115 percent according to the allocated amount. In the light of these, Toyota Company has created a reward system for employees whose suggestions have been executed. During 200 0, approximately 70 percent of employees in California NUMMI plant, contributed in providing roughly 18,000 suggestions and more than 90 percent of them were executed. In the United States, each Toyota employee contributes approximately 36 percent of suggestions annually or three per month minimally. Globally, the Toyota Corporation in-house suggestion scheme produces an excess of two million ideas annually. According to statistics, the most noteworthy information is that over 90 percent of the given suggestions are executed globally. Through this, the company and employees have benefitted by saving millions and receiving rewards with payout respectively. Regarding motivtional practice, Toyota has utilized a system of internal promotion which ensures casual workers have a possibility to obtain permanent contracts and develop into team leaders, foremen, and also managers. This practice permits workers to climb within the hierarchy and facilitates a number of them to become minor mana gers. As a result, Toyota improvement of its employees motivation has made the most favorable use of its human resource. During 2002, Toyotas head office, initiated a Diversity Project founded on its Global Vision 2010 which is aimed towards promoting the development of environments and enabling employees from across the globe with diverse cultures, values, and abilities to experience self-realization and motivation as individuals. The F1 project is another practice that was initiated in 1990 by Toyota Corporation with the aim of being involved in Motor Sports. It has been a successful tool that has assisted to motivate Toyotas 260,000 strong personnel around the globe. The employees have been extremely motivated in the Toyota TF103, the racing care that races in the F1 Grand Prix, which was built with similar technological systems to their traded production cars (Cornelissen Cornelissen, 2011). Toyotas approach is to constantly draw out the motivation in its employees. The education offered to new employees has a huge impact in their lives at the company. In the light of these, general technical employees are offered two months of factory training in the initial first year and three months of sales training in the second year after being recruited. The main purpose of sales training is to provide the employees a feeling of direct relation between their jobs and the sales floor. In this case, Toyota is able to impact a lifetime of motivation in the employees by temporarily stopping their usual jobs and having them experience the competitive environment of sales. Another motivational practice the company utilizes is its constant talk of crisis. The primary motive force, holding Toyotas prosperity in the 20th century, was a sense of crisis in the company and an unquenchable drive to lessen costs. Teamwork Practices Toyota Company has a unique human resource policy as it tends to raise its leaders from within. By raising its leaders, the company does not have to regularly recruit candidates from outside. It has mainly adopted a policy of learning by doing, teamwork approach. Toyota Company mainly focus on recruiting and maintaining employees who express drive and enthusiasm, team-work and co-operation, desire to embrace challenge, and commitment to responsibilities. Prior to the recruitment of new employees, the Toyotas managers selection is based on whether they demonstrate teamwork within the one-week screening process. Subsequently, Toyotas orientation, training, appraisal and incentive programs, all highlight motivation and teamwork. Putting the companys interests above the employees interest is fundamental to good teamwork. Employees in Toyotas company usually share knowledge with others in the team. Teamwork has been clearly manifested in the company due to the lengthy time and huge costs invested with regards to on-the-job training. A notable example is the proven track record in Toyota Motor Manufacturing, USA. Usually, team building commences with the employees commitment to the teamwork standards, which is formally written in Toyotas Team Member Handbook. Toyota production workers, design engineers, and marketing experts work as a team to recognize problems, discover solutions, and develop better technology with the aim of eliminating performance gaps that they have recognized. The entire factory work is arranged around work teams of approximately five to ten employees in charge of door installation, stamping tool, power train conveyance, die and body weld, and assembly team. There are no employees positioned on the plant floor, however, all employees are part of the work team. With the regards to these, several practices have been adopted by Toyota to ensure smooth running of work teams. Besides the Team Member Handbook, the company has established a team member activity association. The company ensures that thorough teamwork training is provided. Teamwork and closeness is enhanced as the work teams freely hire and choose their own new member. Moreover, all employees share group work, take initiative in solving problems, and utilize their creativity to develop all phases of the production systems. The strong corporate culture that is founded on the The Toyota Way has enabled the company to be among the most accepted companies globally. Toyota facilitates teamwork practices by ensuring that the employees from top management level to lower management levels take proactive steps and act as a team in order to enhance productivity and resolve problems. Instead of bureaucracy and supervisory control over employees, Toyota Corporation ensures that team members take accountability for and pride in their endeavors. The team-oriented work environment on Toyotas production line and the companys co-alignment with its suppliers and dealers/ customers outside the organizational edge has emphasized its main values of efficiency and cost reduction. In order to attain these values, Toyotas team has adopted management concepts which comprise of just-in-time, autonomation, flexibility, and creativity. Just-in-time concept denotes that the team members adjust to pressure in order to achieve co-al ignment between the foregoing process and the later process in the production system. Automation denotes how man and machine collaborate to manage defects. Inside the Toyota plants, high-speed management teamwork characteristics of permanent dissatisfaction and concentration are predominantly pertinent to achieving autonomation. Moreover, the team members ensure that flexibility is realized by working in unison. Team work enables the workforce switch from one machine to another smoothly and efficiently, hence, achieving high productivity. The U-turn layout of the Toyota machines is designed in such a way that team spirit is pertinent. Additionally, the workforce capitalizes on creative thinking by actively participating in quality control circles where they make improvements in all issues concerning the company. Besides, adopting speedy and effective communication and maintaining high-level teamwork between the factory and the employees is crucial to fulfilling the above concepts. Conclusion Toyota Company has embraced motivation and teamwork of employees as its key values. In order for Toyota Company to uphold lifetime employment for employees, it should continue to sustain the above practices over decades. Toyota has turned the company into a success not only through tools and quality improvement methods but also by deeper awareness rooted in having an understanding of its employees. The above discussed practices clearly state why Toyota keeps getting better and better and better. Being considered as the worlds best automobile company, Toyota should continuously improve its human resource practices in order to gain greater success in its corporate culture. Buy custom Teamwork in the Organization of Toyota essay

The Future of Trucking While Deaf

The Future of Trucking While Deaf The trucking experts over at CareersInGear.com recently explored the policies and attitudes the hearing trucking world holds towards Deaf or hard of hearing truckers. It’s not as simple as a question of discrimination based on disability- the physical exam all truckers must pass in order to acquire their CDLs involves a â€Å"forced whisper† test and, failing that, an audiometry test, which they can take with or without their hearing aid.This tests  that truckers must be able to:Make a decision based on emergency sounds/sirensHear sounds of improperly operating mechanicsCommunicate with other drivers, lumpers, consigners, customers, or trucking scales operatorsHowever, not all trucking environments require a perfect ability to hear. Accommodations available for current Deaf and hard of hearing drivers include assistive mirrors, enhanced visual turn indicators, and visual signals of horns, sirens, or loud noises that can be adjusted when a driver goes through a constru ction zone or similarly loud environment. Service dogs are also growing in popularity- trained animals can alert drivers to intruders, door bells, knocks, alarms, and phone calls, and signal drivers that other drivers are trying to talk to them.And what often goes unsaid during discussions of Deaf drivers is that all truckers, regardless of their hearing status when they first climbed into their rig, are losing their hearing during their years on the road. Banning Deaf or hard of hearing drivers from behind the wheel entirely means eventually losing entire generations of experienced, capable drivers!In 2013, responding to repeated requests from the National Association for the Deaf, more than 100 hours of interviews with deaf/hearing impaired drivers, and reports that Deaf drivers actually have fewer distractions behind the wheel, the DOT granted hearing waivers to 40 Deaf drivers. In the next year or so, these drivers should be reporting back on their experiences and whether their safety ratings are similar to  those of hearing drivers. The results should be highly informative to up-and-coming drivers with hearing impairment.

Effective communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effective communications - Essay Example It will also help if we are cautious of the correct language usage and avoid vague terms. One style of effective communication is using diversity and common ground. We should look for the interest and purpose of the person we are talking to establish rapport. Even if you view differences of perspectives, honor that differences, incorporate it into your own for a powerful communication. There is a time that it is better to be silent when you are not sure of the relationship. For example, you should understand the topics that should be avoided in the organization, profession and even in personal relations. According to the College of Marin lecture, Chap. 1, there are barriers to communications. Sender should know the adaptability of the message to receiver and should recognize the needs, the status, and knowledge of the subject and language skills of the receiver. For instance, when someone is angry, you should listen for a while until he/she is able to express her feelings. Lack of understanding on the subject, sender cannot explain clearly what he wants and receiver does not get the message clearly. For example, an angry customer cannot explain technicalities while sales people cannot answer. Emotional interference creates a barrier, as in if someone is filled with emotions like being angry, joyful, and tearful; he may not receive the intended message and may deliberately not hear them. (w.c.

Burj Khalifa Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Burj Khalifa Description - Essay Example Burj Khalifa occupies maximum floor area. The travel distance elevator in the Burj Khalifa offers the longest distance in comparison to elevators in all other structures in the contemporary world. Thus, it offers the tallest elevator service in skyscrapers. The building was completed in six years in total. The total amount of concrete consumed in the construction of just the foundations of Burj Khalifa was more than 45000 m3 that weighs above 110000 tonnes. The foundation is made of piles protruded over 50 m into the ground. A total number of piles used in the making of the foundation is 192. According to an estimate, the total volume of concrete used in the construction of the whole structure would be about 330000 m3 along with over 39000 tonnes steel and the whole structures has consumed some 22 million man-hours of construction (â€Å"Burj Khalifa†). The speed of construction grew with the passage of time. In the start, a number of panels produced each day fell between 20 a nd 30. As the construction gained speed, the rate of production of panels increased up to 175 per day. (â€Å"Burj Khalifa†) According to the Chicago-based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), there are three fundamental criteria to judge a structure’s eligibility to be called as a skyscraper, namely the height to architectural top ratio, floor area occupied, and the height to tip ratio (â€Å"Burj Khalifa†).

IKEA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IKEA - Assignment Example It came into existence in the year 1943 and within a very small time frame it attained a renowned brand image due to its modern architectural designs and eco-friendly nature. Due to which its revenue and operating income enhanced by â‚ ¬27.628 billion and â‚ ¬3.482 billion by the end of 2012 as compared to other rivals in the market. This marked the success of the organization of IKEA and so it expanded in many other parts of the world like Germany, Norway and Denmark (Inter IKEA Systems B.V, 2012). IKEA’S History IKEA is established in the year 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad, a young entrepreneur residing in Smaland of Southern Sweden. The name of the organization IKEA is derived from the initial letters of Ingvar Kamprad, i.e. I and K along with the first letters of his hometown, Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd. Ingvar Kamprad started his career in business by selling matches, pen, pencils, fishes, seeds and many others. However, slowly and gradually, he started offering high-level of concentration over IKEA and so presented varied types of advertisements in local newspapers to attract wide range of customers. Moreover, in order to make it a branded furniture retailing house, he presented varied types of attractive and stylish furniture’s such as beds, chairs, tables, home appliances and many others at a quite lowest price. This proved quite effective for the organization and helped Ingvar Kamprad to open his first store in Norway in the year 1963 and in Denmark in 1969 (Inter IKEA Systems B.V, 2013). After that, within a small time frame, IKEA expanded to other parts of Europe, Switzerland, Australia, Hong Kong, Canada, Germany, UK and many others. Therefore, by the end of 2009, IKEA group became successful to operate in more than 332 stores in 40 countries. Hence, IKEA took more than six decades to mark its position in the segment of trendy furniture’s among other retailers. IKEA Today Inspite of extreme economic downturn, IKEA maintained its popu larity and brand image in the market in a quite stable condition due to its objective to present qualitative products at a competitive price. Due to which, the leading leader of home furniture enhanced its total sales by ?2.15 billion and net income by ? 3.51 billion by the end of 31st August 2013. Along with this, the market share also increased from 7.3% in 2012 to 8.5% in 2013 in the market of UK. This became possible only due to its wide expansion into 332 stores in more than 40 countries in the entire globe (Inter IKEA Systems B.V, 2012). Other than this, the annual sales figure and sales per region is presented in the below graphs. Therefore, from the graph, it might be clearly depicted that the rate of sales of the furniture’s of IKEA is very high as compared to others. This enhanced the equity and profit margin to a significant extent among other retailers (Inter IKEA Systems B.V, 2013). 2. Macro-environment of IKEA In order to analyse the external environment of the market of UK, one of the most renowned technique is used. It is named as PESTEL analysis. Political Factors- the political scenario of UK is quite cacophonous due to the presence of inefficient bureaucracy and corruption. Other than this, the instable government policies and regulations also acted as a curse that hampered the growth of the organization of IKEA. Not only this, shaky coalition of the government of UK hampered the business scenario to a

Criticism on the play Proof by David Auburn Essay

Criticism on the play Proof by David Auburn - Essay Example Criticism on the play Proof by David Auburn As Robert’s funeral preparations get ready, his other daughter Claire returns from New York. Meanwhile, Catherine gets connected with one of her Father’s former student called Hal. Catherine is a college drop out and is depressed and seemingly also susceptible to mental illness. Catherine is shown to be in dilemma as towards her future after the death of her beloved father. The plot of the movie takes an interesting dimension when Hal discovers in Robert’s notebook a proof of a mathematical theory which was thought to be an unsolvable mystery. It is a captivating discovery. But Hal get astonished when he understands that Catherine is the person who wrote the proof. But did really Catherine write it? However the hand writing of the proof matches with Robert and the story continues to untangle the mysterious nature of connection between genius and madness and it’s inheritance. The story reveals how the appearance of the Mathematical proof creates havoc in th e life of the three characters living. Review Proof is a wonderful drama, which explicitly describes the mathematical world and the mystery attached to it. It is a family drama which is mathematical and human relationship centered and the three characters Catherine, Claire and Hal revolve around it. The primary fact that is noticeable about the play is the similarity which its hold against some other plays like â€Å"Arcadia†. ... The character of Catherine also brings about lots of questions and arguments towards her capability of formulate brilliant mathematical formulas and theories. Because, in the play, Catherine demands that the mysterious mathematical theorem is written by her and not by her father .Here the focus is on the fact whether women have this potential element to bring about mathematical works and achievement like man. â€Å"Catherine in the play has been trained (up to a certain point) as a mathematician, so a question is raised and tackled in the play — can a woman really do highly original work?†(Weber).The movie displays Catherine to be suffering manic depression and shown to be susceptible to her father’s disease. However the mental illness of her father, Robert is not clearly mentioned in the play. The question as to the relevance of Robert’s illness to his mathematical geniuses is also left in dark by Auburn. Catherine here is depicted to be uncertain with re gard to her chances of succumbing to the mental illness as her father. The central focus of the play is whether Catherine has inherited the illness of Robert and the heightened tension surrounding a home with recent death. Catherine’s mood swings and sarcastic nature and exclusive intelligence are the possible warning that she could be a victim to her father’s illness. Catherine shared an intricate relationship with her father, and withdrew from outside world just to take care of him. They grow closer despite the illness, and the love that the father and daughter have for each other comes through, even beyond his death (Auburn, 25). There is no question about the great amount of love and compassion between the father

Exercise can reduce the risk of various health problems Essay

Exercise can reduce the risk of various health problems - Essay Example According to CDC (2015), prevalence of obesity among adult citizens of USA is more than 34.9%, which represents more than 78.6 million victims. High blood pressure (hypertension) develops due to imbalanced Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) that exerts pressure on the heart and blood vessels. The imbalanced BMI exerts pressures and subsequently narrow the blood vessels that force the heart to generate excessive pressures to pump blood all over the body. CDC reports that the disease affects more than 67 million adults, which translates to over 31% of the American adult population (CDC, 2014). Chronic Kidney Disease compromises the ability of the kidney to perform its functions effectively. Diabetes, heart diseases, high blood pressure and overweight among other lifestyle diseases can cause CKD. Currently, the prevalence of CKD among American adults stands at 13.2% but projected to increase to 16.7% by 2030 (National Kidney Foundation, 2015). The three diseases have similar and related causes, so, physical activities prescribed to treat can also work to treat all. For adult patients suffering the diseases, a nurse can prescribe resistance, flexibility and endurance exercise (Rippe, 2013). Endurance exercise can last to about 60 minutes daily and intensity vary from 5-6 to 7-8 on a scale of 0-10. The exercise involves any activity that does not impose excessive orthopedic stress like walking, aquatic exercise ad stationary cycle exercise. Resistance activity can at a frequency of not less than 2days per week. Intensity measured on a scale of 0-10 can vary from 5-6 and 7-8. For flexibility exercise, a nurse can recommend a frequency of at least 2 days per week at an intensity of 5-6 on a scale of 0-10. The exercise involves any activity relating to stretches of major muscles (Rippe, 2013). A nurse can ensure cooperation of patients to the prescriptions by requesting for support of friends and families of the patients. A nu rse can also agree with patients

Project Management Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Project Management Degree - Essay Example 13. How was this value decided on Don't know 14. Was there a risk manager or team specifically assigned within your organisation to deal with risk Y / N 15. If yes, please describe more fully I think there is someone who is in charge about these things but I really don't know who 16. Was probabilistic planning used within the project Y / N what is that 17. If yes, please elaborate 18. Does your organisation undertake formal risk management training Y / N 19. If yes, please describe 20. Approximately what is the budget for this kind of training per year Don't know 21. Did any issues occur in the project Y / N I guess so 22. If yes, please specify 23. How would you rate the performance of the project Please tick all boxes that apply Thank you for you participation 2 All details will remain confidential In completing the questions, please refer to the most recent project that you have been involved in. Name: Age: Job Title: Name of Organisation: Position: How long have you been in this position What was the budget for the project What was the main objective/product/benefit of the project 24. Did your organisation use a methodology to guide the project Y / N 25. If yes, what methodology (PRINCE2, DSDM etc.) was used Please specify I am not really sure what specifically, but I think they do use something 26. Have you ever undergone formal project management training Y / N 27. If yes please give details _________________________________________ 28. What is the approximate annual budget per person for this (if available) I really don't know 29. Is risk management a part of your project methodology Y / N 30. Was there a standard risk... I would say the company is not too much into strategies, it just try its best to handle difficult situations, try to learn from its mistakes, remember the lessons taken from the blunders that have occurred and try its best not to repeat the same mistakes in future endeavors. Was the project a success Who do you think was responsible for its success (or failure) Most of our undertakings are relatively successful, yes there had been a lot of problems, so many things taking place one after the other which really gave us problems but thankfully we were able to surpass everything and proof to that is until now the company continues to exist. As to who is responsible, I guess, all of us are responsible to the success or failure of the things we do. (4) Some of our projects were conceived based on very good concepts except that because most of the people in the company are ill-equpped to handle the issues that take place, most of the times the good ideas vanish. (4) Yes, management conceptualises well its activities as much as it can, but we all know that problems always arise however good is the conceptualisation and the planning in

Exercise can reduce the risk of various health problems Essay

Exercise can reduce the risk of various health problems - Essay Example According to CDC (2015), prevalence of obesity among adult citizens of USA is more than 34.9%, which represents more than 78.6 million victims. High blood pressure (hypertension) develops due to imbalanced Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) that exerts pressure on the heart and blood vessels. The imbalanced BMI exerts pressures and subsequently narrow the blood vessels that force the heart to generate excessive pressures to pump blood all over the body. CDC reports that the disease affects more than 67 million adults, which translates to over 31% of the American adult population (CDC, 2014). Chronic Kidney Disease compromises the ability of the kidney to perform its functions effectively. Diabetes, heart diseases, high blood pressure and overweight among other lifestyle diseases can cause CKD. Currently, the prevalence of CKD among American adults stands at 13.2% but projected to increase to 16.7% by 2030 (National Kidney Foundation, 2015). The three diseases have similar and related causes, so, physical activities prescribed to treat can also work to treat all. For adult patients suffering the diseases, a nurse can prescribe resistance, flexibility and endurance exercise (Rippe, 2013). Endurance exercise can last to about 60 minutes daily and intensity vary from 5-6 to 7-8 on a scale of 0-10. The exercise involves any activity that does not impose excessive orthopedic stress like walking, aquatic exercise ad stationary cycle exercise. Resistance activity can at a frequency of not less than 2days per week. Intensity measured on a scale of 0-10 can vary from 5-6 and 7-8. For flexibility exercise, a nurse can recommend a frequency of at least 2 days per week at an intensity of 5-6 on a scale of 0-10. The exercise involves any activity relating to stretches of major muscles (Rippe, 2013). A nurse can ensure cooperation of patients to the prescriptions by requesting for support of friends and families of the patients. A nu rse can also agree with patients

Implementing MBO System in a Burger King Franchise Essay

Implementing MBO System in a Burger King Franchise - Essay Example The Burger King franchise in Maine has one owner, with four permanent staff and 28 part-time employees. The four permanent staff members are assistant managers, two of who are in the kitchen and two who are on the floor. Employees work in two shifts, each shift has a kitchen and a floor manager with fourteen part-time employees as cooks and waiters. Staff turnover is as much as 7 a year and may be contributed to working hours and/or work conditions. When looking at the income statement it is clear that profit is directly linked to sales, minus liabilities. Now firstly looking at sales and taking into consideration that this is a fast food business, we know for certain the profit will depend on the amount of sales, and to sell we need customers. This the first key business goal must be customer satisfaction. Taking our customer into account, we need to find out what will satisfy their needs and make them come back for more, and being in the fast food business with a drive through, we know that speed of food delivery is important. Next customers like to have a choice and as Burger Kings strategic statement implies "Have it your way", it is important to cater for customer's choice. Furthermore customers always appreciate a warm and friendly service from staff, which is one reason they will return. So our first goal of insuring customer satisfaction could be realised by objectives such as reduced turnaround time, offering the custo mer a wide verity of food, delivered in a warm and friendly manner. Customer satisfaction can then be measured by the retention and hopefully increase of customers base by the end of 2006, against past data. Next we need to look at liabilities which also impact the profit margin of the business. Liabilities are expenses that are paid out of the net income of the business and if it can be reduced, the profit margin will be increased accordingly. It must also be realised that expenses such as advertising and promotion if implemented correctly, if increased could result in an increase in sales. Food cost including packaging, is the stock that has to be bought and maintained to ensure the ability of the business to deliver a product to its customers continuously. Is it possible to reduce these costs Yes, by looking at alternative cheaper packaging expenses could be reduced. Then how much wastage takes place during preparation of the food, or during wrong orders. Just by cutting out wastage and through better food ordering and preparation processes food cost could be reduced by at least 5 percent. Improving these processes may also reduce the amount of staff that are needed currently and could result in reducing staff, in turn reducing wage expenses. Our second key goal is this to reduce expenses, and this we can achieve by setting a moderate target of reducing expenses by at

Fitness Testing For Sport And Exercise Physical Education Essay

Fitness Testing For Sport And Exercise Physical Education Essay Dip your fingers in chalk with the hand on your strongest arm, then stand with you back flat against the wall with your arms extended as high as they can reach with them flat against the wall then mark out where your arms reach to/push the wall mounted reach board up to the height your arms will extend to, stand side on stronger arm closest to the wall/board, then crouch low then push straight of the floor and touch the wall/board, measure with the ruler how many cm from where the marking where there arm extended max to the chalk marking how many cms is between the 2 markings, on the board there are already cm measurements on there so you just see which number the finger markings are on. Method of assessment: To measure the amount of explosive power in the lower limbs in cm by measuring how high a persons vertical jump is. How analysed: Measured in cm and mm to make it more accurate and marked on a sheet. Target group: Sprinters and basketballers. Reliability of test: The test is reliable because the same action is made each time so fur, if using the board the measurements are accurate Validity of test: This test is very good for validity being the test most people will do for lower limb power and all four factors are shown too. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: Cheap and affordable using simple equipment. Disadvantages: Wall mounted board is really expensive. Time Advantages: The test doesnt take long so it doesnt become tedious. Disadvantages: The short amount of time can be considered as quite a rubbish test. Equipment Advantages: Less equipment is required and wall mounted board is very accurate. Disadvantages: Measurements could be inaccurate if using the cheaper equipment. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Low level of skill is required so a lot of people are capable to take this test. Disadvantages: Low level skill could lead to the test to be tedium. Cardiovascular endurance Bleep test, beep test, pacer test, leger-test, 20m shuttle run test. Objective To test the amount of cardiovascular endurance someone has by seeing how long someone can last during the bleep test. Resources needed: Metre clicker to mark out 20m, cones, beep test CD and CD player and marking sheets. (This will take place in a no slip surface) How conducted: The beep test CD will be played and you have to stand behind one line facing the other and there will be beeps in between each beep you have to run from one line to the other e.g. beep run 20m to the line beep. The test starts with the first level where the beeps are quite slow but then after approximately 1 minute or 7 runs the level gets higher and the closer the beeps are together so the test gets faster, this test stops on level 20 and for someone to be out is when they miss the beep before they reach the 20m line. Method of assessment: To measure the cardiovascular endurance or vo2 max in shuttle runs the predicted vo2 max is at each level and the shuttle number i.e. level 4 shuttle 2 predicted vo2 max is 26.8. How analysed: Writing down on recording sheets each level and shuttle they reached or dropped out of and the Vo2 max national average for males is 9/3 and for females 6/6. Target group: Long distance runners Reliability of test: The test is accurate is because the CD plays the same thing over and over again so theres no worries on inaccuracy of the test and also motivation could effect the reliability. Validity of test: This test has good validity because the bleep test is the most valid test used for people to measure Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: cheap for CD because the copy is downloadable. Disadvantages: could be costly if you dont have a CD player, metre clicker and cones and also expensive if having to rent out a facility. Time Advantages: the test has enough time to record the level they reach. Disadvantages: test lasts quite long and becomes quite tedious. Equipment Advantages: less equipment required and also the equipment is straight forward not complex. Disadvantages: faulty equipment like scratched CD. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: straight forward because its only running and this is an easy or simple skill to conduct. Disadvantages: cardiovascular endurance a lot of people really struggle with. Strength 1 rep max Objective: To test the amount of strength someone has by seeing the max weight someone lifts. Resources needed: Weight machines e.g. bench press, fly machine, leg press, free weights or lat pull down. (Gym) How conducted: You go to the weight machine you are comfortable with the lifting technique if not get someone to learn you the technique or read how the technique is done on the machine. Which ever weight machine you use you start on the smallest weight by warming up with a few reps 5-15 reps then you work your way by increasing the weight each time you do 1 rep, you work your way increasing the weight until you get the weight you cant do 1 rep of. Method of assessment: To test the amount of strength someone has in the pectoral, deltoid, trapezius, lateral, triceps and biceps by seeing the max amount of kgs someone can do 1 rep of. How analysed: How many kg you lifted and marked on recording sheets. Target group: Rugby players, weight lifters. Reliability of test: The test is reliable because weights stay the same weight unless you increase the weight. Validity of test: This test is valid because it tests the strength in the specific muscle that is working or contracting. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: some gyms are quite cheep and its also cheep for a day trial. Disadvantages: some gyms cost loads and also buying your own weights costs quite a lot. Time Advantages: test doesnt take long so it doesnt become boring. Disadvantages: people could consider it being rubbish because its a short test. Equipment Advantages: weight machines are safe to use Disadvantages: free weights can be quite dangerous if using a free weight bench weight could collapse on you if too heavy. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: the skill is quite simple to do. Disadvantages: its common that people tend to arch there backs when lifting weights so this skill people might not be able to do properly and injure themselves. Suppleness/Flexibility Sit and reach Objective: To test the amount of suppleness someone has in the lower back and calfs by seeing how far someone can sit and reach forwards. Resources needed: A bench, a metre ruler/tape measure or a flex tester. How conducted: Sit with you stomach against the bench lengthways with your both legs either side of the bench and you reach out as far as you can with both hands and hold the position and measure from the start of the bench is to where your hands are held furthest. On the flex tester you sit with you stomach against the flex tester lengthways the with your both legs either side of the flex tester on this piece of equipment there is a handle you push forwards as far as you can and where you push it you see how many cm you have pushed it next to the handle you push. Method of assessment: To test the amount of suppleness someone has in there lower back and the amount of cm the person can reach with the extension of the lower back. How analysed: How many cm the person has reached and put down results on recording sheets. Target group: Gymnasts Reliability of test: This test is reliable because the same action is made and accurate measurements are recorded on flex tester. Validity of test: This test is valid because the only flexibility it will test is in the lower back and hamstrings. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: using the bench, tape measure and chalk is quite cheap. Disadvantages: Flex tester is really expensive. Time Advantages: The test doesnt take long so it dont become tedious. Disadvantages: because of the test being short could be considered a pointless test to do and boring. Equipment Advantages: Flex tester has accurate measurements Disadvantages: using the bench, tape measure and chalk could come out with inaccurate measurements. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Low level skill is needed because its a simple skill being used. Disadvantages: because of the skill being low level this could lead to the test being tedious. Muscular Endurance Maximum amount of push ups Objective: To test how much muscular endurance in the upper body someone has by seeing the max amount of push ups someone can do. Resources needed: Press up mat and press up handles or non-needed in a flat facility. How conducted: You get into press up position which you place both hands on the press up matt if you get bad wrists you grab onto the press up handles shoulder width apart and extend your legs straight and you lower down and push up and you do as many press ups as you can until you cant physically do more. Method of assessment: To test the amount of upper body muscular endurance someone has by seeing how many push ups maximum someone can do. How analysed: Recording sheets of how many press ups someone has done. Target group: Sprinters, long distance runners Reliability of test: This test is reliable because the same action is repeated so results are easily recorded. Validity of test: This test is valid because it measures what it claims to measure which is the muscular endurance in the upper body and monitors the effect in the athletes physical development. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: It doesnt cost much to do and also can be self-monitored. Disadvantages: press up mat and handles can be quite expensive. Time Advantages: Doesnt really waste a lot of time. Disadvantages: doing push ups for too long can become tedious. Equipment Advantages: Not much equipment is required and the handles reduce the risk of wrist injuries. Disadvantages: not using handles can cause wrist injuries. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: its a straight forward skill so its easy to execute the skill. Disadvantages: quite a number of unfit people cant hold them in a press up position so it becomes quite hard for them. Speed 60m sprint Objective: To test the amount of speed someone has by timing how quick someone runs 60m in. you could use an Resources needed: Stop watches, whistle and a metre clicker to mark out 60m How conducted: A person stands at the 60m mark while you stand at the other end, the person says set for you to get ready and then blows the whistle for you to go when the whistle gets blown they start timing, then you sprint as fast as you can through the 60m mark then they stop timing and the time s set how quick you run 60m in. Method of assessment: To test the amount of speed someone has in running in seconds. How analysed: Stopwatch timed and recording sheets in seconds. Target group: Sprinters Reliability of test: The test is quite reliable because its sprinting over a short distance so similar/consistent times are ran but any timing mistakes can make it inaccurate. Validity of test: This test is valid because it measures what it claims to measure which is how quick someone can move there body over 60m. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: equipments quite cheep. Disadvantages: could be costly to use a track depending on the sports centres price. Time Advantages: short sprints dont waste time. Disadvantages: doing short sprints can become tedious. Equipment Advantages: metre clicker is accurate to measure 60m. Disadvantages: stop watches could be faulty. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Sprinting is quite a straight forward skill so its easy to do. Disadvantages: sprinting is high intensity so some people might get stitches doing the test if there unfit. Body Composition/ Somatotype Body weighing and skinfold measurement Objective: To see the amount of muscle fat and bone someone has by measuring there weight and there skinfolds. Mesomorph, Ectomorph and Endomorph. Resources needed: Scales and skinfold calipers. How conducted: For the weight test the person needs to step on the scales in just shorts so the weight is more accurate and whatever it comes up on the dial in either KGs or stone is the persons weight. Skinfold measurement you stretch out skin around the torso area and the skinfold calipers work like a pincer and you pinch the skin and on the dial of the calipers it comes up with how many mms there is in the skinfold. Method of assessment: To find out the somatotype someone has. How analysed: Body weighing: kg or stone, skinfold measurement: mm average for a male is 91mm and for a woman its 100mm. Target group: Suitable for all. Reliability of test: Body weighing is reliable because scales are accurate and if you weigh routinely every 12 hours, but the weight results can be affected by the amount of fluid in the body. The skinfold test is reliable because the skinfold calipers have accurate measurement but the measurements can vary through skill and experience. Validity of test: The body weighing test is valid because your weight is the first signs of what body composition you are. The skin fold measurement is not really valid to measure the percentage of body fat but it does indicate the body changes. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: Weighing regular is cheap because it dont cost. Measuring skin folds regular doesnt cost. Disadvantages: The scales and the skin fold calipers together are quite expensive. Time Advantages: The test is short so it doesnt waste any time. Disadvantages: Being short considered as boring. Equipment Advantages: Both pieces of equipment have really accurate measurements. Disadvantages: Scales can become faulty after a while. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Low level skill and no physical activity so its an easy test. Disadvantages: Because no physical activity and low level skill people a number of people will not want to do the test.

The Life of Alan Shapiro and Analysis of “Country Western Singer” Essay

Alan Shapiro is a poet whom uses the sorrowful tragedies that occurred in his lifetime and turns them into beautiful poems in which he greatly expresses through his poetry. Most of his poems symbolize either a type of sorrow or tragic death, and the expressions used throughout his poetry make it noticeable that Alan Shapiro endured a life of hardship and tragedy. While Shapiro was growing up he lost his brother and his sister in which the poem â€Å"Sleet† by Alan Shapiro beautifully encompasses his feeling of grief and sorrow due to the loss of his siblings. Alan Shapiro was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 18th, 1952. He is the son of Harold and Marilyn Shapiro. Growing up Shapiro was a part of a Jewish household. Shapiro received his education at Brandies University. While attending Brandies University he discovered that his one and only passion was for the astounding art of poetry and he found an escape from all the devastating disasters he encountered in his youth (Garbett). Shapiro is also now an educator at Stanford University and he has also worked at Northwestern University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. As Shapiro conveys in many of his works after researching Shapiro’s life it is known Shapiro’s brother and sister both died of cancer while Shapiro was very young, and these events highly contribute to Shapiro’s work as a poet. The memoir that Shapiro wrote which was entitled Vigil is about the tragic death of his sister due to the unfortunate events of being diagnosed with bre ast cancer. As it is well known Shapiro’s poems are very tragic and sorrowfully oriented it is no fault to say that different people happen to react and cope with death in different ways and Shapiro expresses his sadnes... ... This line implies that the drinking will never end and that no one can stop him from drinking no matter what you do. This poem is a poem that has beautiful imagery that consistently connects the reader to what’s going on in the actual poem like these lines from â€Å"Country Western Singer†, â€Å"And the blood I taste, the blood I swallow / Is as far away from wine / as 5:10 is for the one who dies at 5:09† (37-40). These lines have to do with the final push of the alcoholic and the fact that they lost the battle against alcoholism and did in fact pass away. In the most recent of years Alan Shapiro has not been as popular as he was some years ago, but no matter what Alan Shapiro poems will forever be engraved in the poetry world as the poems that many people of the world can relate to and I think that this will help him remain a staple in the poetry world for years to come.

Media Use of Stereotypes Essay -- Media Stereotypes Stereotyping

Media Use of Stereotypes We live in a world of technological innovation where mass media is a major part of us today. People make assumptions on what they hear. They do not try to analyze the situation to see who is right and who is wrong, and mass media is the main source of manipulating one's mind. The concept of propaganda has changed over time. Propagandists create ideas stereotypically through the use of propaganda and use media to promote it and target people's minds to have influence on their views towards a certain group of people. These ideas create negative or positive images in the intended audience's minds. However, it is notable that the information is only the one that is exemplified through media and therefore, can be wrong or changed than what reality is. Different stereotypes work well in propaganda with the help of propaganda tactics through the use of political campaigns and commercial advertising exposed by mass media. Many critics define propaganda differently; however, there is a general agreement that propaganda is concerned with influencing opinions (Cole, 1998). The word propaganda has many other synonyms such as big lie, persuasion, brainwashing, disinformation, etc. Propaganda is not a realistic portrayal of an issue; rather it is something that is changed to manipulate the intended public. Propaganda is the aim to change people's views about an issue and the way these aims are intended on the targeted audience is the way propaganda is presented, especially through mass media. Evidently, people strongly tend to select the media, which carry contents with which they already agree (Jackall, 1995). Media tends to produce what they know people will like to hear. On the other hand, people make ce... ...hat how much of the information they consume reflects reality and therefore, propagandists benefit by creating stereotypical views, which work well in portraying propaganda. WORK CITED "Definitions of Propaganda." Ed. Robert Cole. The Encyclopedia of Propaganda. 3 vols. New York: Sharpe Reference , 1998. "Do The Math." FIRST For Women On The Go 19 Apr. 2004: n. pag. Johnston, Carla B. Screened Out - How The Media Control Us & What We Can Do About It. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, Inc, 2000. 23-24. LaRose, Robert, and Joseph Straubhaar. Media Now - Understanding Media, Culture and Technology. 4th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2004. 379. Propaganda. Ed. Robert Jackall. New York: New York UP, 1995. 89. Ryan, John, and William M. Wentworth. Media & Society - The Production of Culture in the Mass Media. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon, 1999. 52.

Starbucks Corporation & Tully’s Coffee Corporation

Starbucks Corporation & Tully’s Coffee Corporation MBA 522: Financial Management December 9, 2008 Tully’s Coffee Corporation Established in 1992, Tully’s Coffee Corporation is a Seattle based coffee retailer and wholesaler. The main products offered by the company are baked food items, coffee products and pastries. Additionally, their coffee beans have exceptional sales in regional supermarket and grocery stores. The company currently operates over 100 stores in the western region of the United States and they have embarked upon a business venture in Japan where Tully’s is creating quite a coffee presence, they are also investigating expansions into other foreign markets. The Corporation started generating profits in the year 2006 (About Tully’s, 2007). Starbucks Corporation Seattle-based Starbucks Corporation is the leading coffeehouse chain in the world. The company currently has operations in more than 44 countries. The main products offered by Starbucks include a wide variety of beverages, coffee beans and brewing equipment, and a wide assortment of snacks and sandwiches. The company also branched into marketing music and books (The Company, 2008). Ratio Analysis RatiosStarbucksTully's Coffee Current Ratio0. 790. 51 Quick Ratio0. 300. 30 Debt Equity Ratio1. 345. 22 Proprietary Ratio0. 430. 24 Solvency Ratio0. 571. 24 Inventory Turnover Ratio12. 1311. 27 Gross Profit Ratio (%)23. 3444. 96 Net Profit Ratio7. 1515. 76 Return on Proprietors' Funds29. 45- Earning Per Share0. 910. 004 Current Ratio Current ratio may be defined as the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. It is also known as the working capital ratio (2: 1 ratio). It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Current assets of a firm represent those assets which can be, in the ordinary course of business, converted into cash within a period not exceeding one year. Current liabilities are those obligations which are to be paid within a period of one year of current assets or by creation of current liabilities (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). Current ratio of the Starbucks Corporation and Tully’s Coffee Corporation is . 79 and . 51 respectively, during the year 2007. There is a difference in the current ratio of both companies, reflecting the weak liquidity position of both companies – and it illustrates that neither company has short term solvency. Liquidity position can be improved to some extent and can be made equivalent to industry average. The industry average of current ratio is . 90: 1. The current ratio of Tully’s is unsatisfactory and reflects weak position of the company. Quick Ratio This ratio is also helpful in analyzing the short term financial position of a business. Quick ratio is the measure of the instant debt paying ability of the business enterprise, hence, it is called quick ratio (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). A quick ratio of 1:1 is considered as an ideal ratio. If the liquid ratio is more than 1:1, the financial position of the firm is deemed to be sound. On the other hand, if the ratio is less than 1:1 the financial position of the firm is unsound. Quick ratio of Starbucks is . 30:1 and Tully’s ratio is . 30:1. There is no difference between the quick ratios of Starbucks & Tully’s Coffee. Overall, the short term liquidity position of both firms is quite poor because the ratios are less than the desired norm. For instance, current ratio should be 2:1 whereas, it is less than 1:1. Similarly, the liquidity ratio is much less than 1 as compared to ideal standard of 1:1. Therefore, the companies will face difficulties in paying current obligations on maturity. Debt Equity Ratio This ratio indicates the relative proportion of debt and equity in financing the assets of a firm. Debt Equity ratio reflects the relative claims of creditors and shareholders against the assets of a firm. The industry average of ratio is . 42:1. Debt equity ratio of Tully’s is 5. 22:1. This figure is not at all satisfactory; the ratio of 1:1 is considered within norms and reasonable. The Starbucks ratio is 1. 34:1, which is quite reasonable. A high debt equity ratio has serious implications from the firm’s point of view. A high proportion of debt in the capital structure leads to the inflexibility in operations of the firm as creditors would exercise pressure and interfere in management. Tully’s has high debt-equity ratio which is unfavorable for the company. Proprietary Ratio Proprietary ratio establishes a relationship between proprietors or shareholder’s funds and total assets of the business. This ratio highlights the general financial strength of the firm. It is of great importance to creditors since it enables them to find out the proportion of shareholder’s funds in the total assets used in the business. The ratio of Starbucks is . 43:1 and for Tully’s it is . 24:1. The proprietary ratio is low for both companies. Although there is little difference in performance of both corporations, it is Starbucks that is in better position. Solvency Ratio This ratio measures the long term solvency of the business. It reveals the relationship between total assets and total external liabilities. This ratio measures the proportion of total assets provided by the creditors of the firm, i. e. what part of assets is being financed from loans (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). The total assets of Starbucks are more than their total liabilities, which indicates that the company is solvent. Tully’s liabilities are more than their total assets, reflecting that the firm is not solvent. In this instance the higher the ratio, the greater the amount of creditors that are being used to generate profit for the owners of the firm. The difference in both the companies’ ratio is very high, although Starbucks has better performance than Tully’s in terms of solvency. Inventory Turnover Ratio The ratio indicates the number of times inventory is replaced during the year. It measures the relationship between the cost of goods sold and the inventory level. The inventory turnover ratio measures how quickly inventory is sold (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). The inventory turnover ratio of Starbucks is 12 times while Tully’s ratio is 11 times. Starbucks and Tully’s both have similar ratios, below that of the industry average. Thus, both corporations have inefficient inventory management. Generally speaking, a high inventory turnover ratio is better than a low ratio. A high ratio implies good inventory management. A very low level of inventory has serious implications, as it adversely affects the ability to meet customer demand. Gross Profit Ratio The ratio expresses the relationship of gross profit on sales to net sales in terms of percentage (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). Goss profit is the result of the relationship between prices, sales volume and costs. Gross profit margin of Starbucks Corporation is 23%, whereas the ratio for Tully’s is 45%. Tully’s ratio is high as compared to Starbucks, which is a sign of good management. It implies that the cost of production for the firm is relatively low. Tully’s has reasonable gross margin which ensures adequate coverage for operating expenses and sufficient return to the owners of the business, which is reflected in the net profit margin. Net profit Ratio This measures the relationship between net profits and sales of a firm. The net profit margin is indicative of management’s ability to operate the business with sufficient success not only to recover revenues of the period, the cost of merchandise or services, the expenses of operating the business and the cost of the borrowed funds, but also leave a margin of reasonable compensation to the owners for providing their capital at risk (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). Net profit ratio of Tully’s Coffee and Starbucks is -15. 67% and 7. 15%, respectively. Starbucks Corporation is generating adequate returns for its owners. On the other hand, Tully’s net profit margin is negative. The company is suffering from huge losses and has incurred net losses in the year 2007. Overall efficiency and profitability of Starbucks is higher than Tully’s Coffee. Return on Proprietary Funds The ratio expresses the percentage relationship between net profit and proprietors funds or shareholder’s investment (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). It is used to ascertain the earning power of shareholders investment. Return on proprietors’ fund for Starbucks is 29. 5%. The ratio could not be calculated for Tully’s Coffee as net profit and shareholder’s funds, both are negative. Starbucks has better performance and a higher return than Tully’s Coffee. Earning Per Share The rate of dividend on shares depends upon the amount of profits earned by the firm. Whatever profit remains, after meeting all expenses and paying preference share dividend, belongs to equity shareholders (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). These are the profits earned on equity share capital. The earning per share is calculated by dividing the profit available to equity shareholders by the number of shares issued. This is a popular ratio as it measures the profitability of a firm from the owner’s standpoint. Starbucks EPS is higher than Tully’s, which shows that the market price of the firm would be greater. Earning per share of Tully’s Coffee has no value, it is almost negligible. Higher EPS helps the company to raise additional capital without difficulty. This ratio plays an important role in comparison of the two companies from an investment point of view. Investment Decision It would be my choice to invest in Starbucks Corporation, as the overall performance and productivity is higher. The liquidity analysis performed through current ratio and quick ratio reveals that the Starbucks is positioned better in terms of liquidity; the company also has superior position in term of long-term solvency. Though gross profit ratio of Tully’s Coffee is high, overall Starbucks has a favorable financial position in that they would be able to quickly convert various assets into cash. Starbucks Corporation is generating adequate returns and reasonable profits which are sufficient for effectively running their operations. The corporation is generating higher returns for their shareholders, illustrating that the resources are effectively utilized. EPS is very high at Starbucks, which is necessary for the investment. Thus, I feel that an investment in Starbucks Corporation is a better choice, as it would yield higher returns for this investor. References About Tully’s. (2007). Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http://www. tullys. com/company/ Starbucks Corp: Financial Statement. (2008). MSN Money. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http://moneycentral. msn. com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt. aspx? Symbol=SBUX&lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Ann The Company. (2008). Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http://www. starbucks. com/aboutus/overview. asp Tully's Coffee Corporation. (2008, November). Hoovers. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http://www. hoovers. com/free/co/secdoc. xhtml? ID=58100=6157151-141335-231989 Van Horne, J. C. , Wachowicz, J. M. , & Bhaduri, S. N. (2005). Fundamentals of Financial Management (12th Ed. ). (pp. 130-133). United Kingdom: Pearson Education

Causes and Consequences of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu

Causes and consequences of the battle of Dien Bien Phu Examine the causes and consequences and consequences of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, 1954, which affected the lives of the Vietnamese until the 1960's. Dien Bien Phu, 1954, was the final battle of the first Indo-China war. Lasting 55 days, the battle had French troops attempt to hold an armed camp against the Viet Minh, who greatly out-numbered them. Dien Bien Phu was situated in a valley in Northern Vietnam, surrounded by mountains.The French believed this strategic setting would give them an advantage, but the Viet Minh were clever. They tunnelled their way into the the French camp and after seven weeks of brutal, intense fighting the French commander; Henri Navarre, ordered a ceasefire. The causes of this event are; the division of Vietnam, 1946 and the first Indo-China war, 1946-54. The battle of Dien Bien Phu also had important consequences that affected the lives of the Vietnamese. These are; the Geneva conference, 1954 and the appointing of Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam.The first cause of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the division of Vietnam in 1946. After thousands of years of occupation, Vietnam and it's people had developed a strong sense of nationalism. During World War II, it was once again occupied, this time by the Japanese. When Japan surrendered in 1945, Vietnam was free for the first time. Ho Chi Minh and his fighting force; The Viet Minh, took control of the country. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. However, their happy independence did not last long.The Allies of WWII agreed that Indo-China should be occupied by the Chinese nationalists, who were fighting the communists at the time, with the South being controlled by the British. When the British arrived, their general, Gracey, began to organise the return of the French. With the Chinese nationalists busy fighting a civil war at home in China, Ho Chi Minh's democr atic republic was allowed to continue, however, in February 1946, the Chinese nationalists handed northern Vietnam back to the French. Things were once again how they had been before the Japanese occupation in WWII.This lead to the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as the Viet Minh were angered that their newly gained independence had been stripped away. The French were back in control of the entire country of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh's forces were prepared to fight to regain the independence they had yearned for for centuries. The second cause of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the first Indo-China war, 1946-54. With the French back in control of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was crushed. Neither the French nor the Viet Minh like the others' presence in Vietnam.Tensions were high and war was coming. Finally on 23 November, 1946, the French planes and ships bombed the Vietnamese section of the Haiphong Port. This attack killed approximately 6,000 people. For a few weeks there we re acts of revenge from the Vietnamese, and counter-revenge by the French, until war began on 19 December. The Viet Minh's tactic was guerrilla warfare, while the French tried to proceed with a more traditional style of fighting. The French decided to put the former emperor; Bao Dai, back on the throne, to placate to Vietnamese people.This lead to two opposing groups of Vietnamese fighters. By 1949, Mao Zedong won the civil war in China, meaning Ho Chi Minh now had an ally on the northern border. With Mao's influence, the Viet Minh's tactic changed from guerilla warfare to mobile warfare, meaning they now launched larger, deadlier offensive attacks. Chinese materials supported their assault, while the US sent materials to the French. When China became involved in the Korean War in 1950, materials ceased to flow into Vietnam, although the Viet Minh were persistant and despite their lack of resources, they continued to fight back.By this point, war had been on for a duration of six ye ars. The French began to recruit Vietnamese soldiers, although they distrusted them greatly. Even so, it became apparent that the Viet Minh vastly outnumbered them. By 1953, the French knew the war had to end, fast. General Navarre devised a plan to trap the Viet Minh into attacking the village of Dien Bien Phu. The first Indo-China war was a cause of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as it was set up by the French as a way to end the war, although this didn't exactly go to plan.The first consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the Geneva conference. In February 1954, Britain, France, the USSR and the United States planned a conference to decide the fate of Korea and Indo-China. On April 26, 1954 the conference opened. Korea was the main focus of the conference until the day after the battle of Dien Bien Phu, at which point the focus changed to Vietnam. Besides the four main powers, others attending the conference included; China, Cambodia, Laos, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the State of Vietnam.The US was strongly opposed to the idea of a united, communist Vietnam, due to plans such as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. It was decide that Vietnam would be split at the seventeenth parallel, with Ho Chi Minh controlling the communist North and Bao Dai in charge of the capitalist South. The people of Vietnam had 200 days to choose which side of the border to move to and the Viet Minh had 300 days to move back to the North. The idea was that a general election would be held in July 1956, at which point the people of Vietnam would vote to decide its fate.This declaration was never signed, but was simply a verbal agreement, which was opposed by both the US and the State of Vietnam. This conference was a consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as it signalled the end of French control in Indo-China. A second consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the appointing of Nga Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. Due to the com munist control in the North, Vietnam had gained the express attention of the United States.Due to their strong anti-communist stance, the US decided to back to back Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. This was due to the fact that Diem was a devout Catholic and ardent anti-Communist. Diem took office on 1 July 1954, he had heavy financial support from the US to help fix Vietnam, much of which has been destroyed in the war. His immediate task was to crush his rivals; this included two religious sects; the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao, which he destroyed with military offensives and bribes. Also his firing line was emperor Bao Dai, who he got rid of by rigging a referendum.Diem promoted members of his family into high government positions, which lead to more of a mess than an organised government. In 1956, Diem felt strong enough to refuse the planned elections to untie Vietnam. He had gained many enemies, and decided to isolate himself, relying on his family for informati on. In response to the hatred of Diem, a South-Vietnamese communist movement was organised, they were named the Viet Cong. They gathered support from the people of South-Vietnam by using brain-washing techniques; they also launched a guerrilla attack against the enemy.As the Viet Cong's powers grew, so did the American support. But Diem became even less popular, and his number of enemies grew. In October 1963, the American government cut off some of its aid to Diem’s government. On 1 November Diem and his brother fled the presidential palace, but were captured and shot by their own generals. This was the end of Diem. His appointment was a consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as it is was a solution to the strong communist presence in the country that resulted from the success of the Viet Minh in the battle.The battle of Dien Bien Phu was a monumental event in Vietnam which decided the fate of Vietnam for the next 50 years. The causes of which were the division of Vietn am in 1946, and the first Indo-China war, 1946-54. There were also consequences that affected the people of Vietnam, such as; the Geneva conference, 1954 and the appointment of Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. These consequences are not directly linked to the battle, but they are consequences of it nonetheless. Without the battle of Dien Bien Phu, who knows how Vietnam would have turned out.