Corporate Social Responsibility in Mechanism

Question: Discuss ab out the Corporate Social Responsibility in Mechanism. Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility is a mechanism which helps the business in ensuring and monitoring the law and ethical requirements. Green washing is adopting practice of doing deceptive advertising. Green washing is one of the issues of corporate governance issues. There can be issues in corporate governance like: relationship between the board, agent and principle relationship where the relationship is defined between the manager and the employees is described, the rules and regulations compliances, the conflicts and cases filed against the company. The good governance is depicted by the company image in the minds of the consumer, its conflicts, strikes, the shareholders views about the company. The corporate governance responsibility is legal responsibility, ethical responsibility, economic responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. Green washing Greenwashing is a practice adopted by the companies who want to promote their brand by looking environment friendly comparing with what they are in real. It is usually done by investing more time, efforts and money or advertising their products as green or sustainable product (Aggarwal Kadyan, 2014). With the advancement in industrialization and globalization, it has created an adverse result on the environment by ozone layer depletion, environment pollution, global warming. This laid the concept of corporate social responsibility of the organization or company towards the society and environment. In case of green consumers, they usually prefer those companies goods and services who promote green marketing. Hence the companies who are want to capture more consumers and want to target niche market based on niche consumer, company sometimes adopt a practice of doing deceptive advertising. There are not any specific rules and regulations for green washing, because of this green washing practices are adopted universally. Hence there are some suggestions for the customer that they should conduct a proper research from the companys website if they see words like natural, pure, eco friendly etc., customer needs to look on documents and evidences that whether the company is adopting the practices it has mentioned or not. In case of company it is suggested that they should promote their brand in a righteous way rather than a deceptive way. All the instructions and ingredients should be clear and easy to understand so that the final user may not get confused with the perceived quality of the brand. Corporate social responsibility CSR is a practice adopted by the organization who wants to look responsive towards stakeholders that are society, government, employees, and environment. I agree to the point that CSR is beyond green washing. Apart from green washing a company must have commitment to the following: Legal responsibility: it is a duty which is to be complied before implementing actions. Following the rules and regulations is legal responsibility. Economic responsibility: the main objective of an organization is to make profit. But it is the duty of an organization to return the profit by whom it was able to earn it. And in case of public or nonprofit organization if they are earning profit, they must reinvest it into the company. Ethical responsibility: although the ultimate objective of an organization is to make profit, but that should be done by doing welfare of it stakeholders and environment keeping in mind. There should be everyones welfare. Philanthropic responsibility: it is the social responsibility of an organization towards the welfare of it employees, environment, doing charity to other organization. According to FTSE 100 Green winners Green washers survey, companies promote their product by green marketing but in reality they have no interest in going green. While the organizations in UK like HSBC, Marks Spencer were considered as green winners for their efforts. Whereas BP, Tesco, British Airways were considered as green washing their brand in the minds of the public. The concept of green washing if caught can sometimes destroy the image of the company as a whole (Aggarwal Kadyan, 2014). The CSR practice is usually adopted by the large MNCs, because they lay impact on the environment, society and economy. According to CSR practices companies should be committed towards the creation of shareholder value, human rights, and labor rights. Sometimes value addition in the shareholder value is misunderstood with CSR. But they mean differently, CSR is a broader concept whereas increasing in the shareholders value is a part of CSR. A good implementation of CSR results into lowering civil and criminal proceedings against the company ( Mares, 2008). The government and regulators addresses corporate governance by following things: Relationship between capital market and corporate governance: this presents the role of equity and debt structure, areas from where major funds are raised. Corporate governance and regulatory environment: here the elements of internal trading, laws that have been developed are evaluated. Corporate governance and stakeholder engagement: This aspect highlights the awareness of investors issues like social, environmental and ethical that may affect on long term sustainability of business (Tourani Ingly, 2011). There are various issues apart from green washing that are described as below: Duties of directors: the corporate governance aim is to make the duties as statutory and lawful, which are in the best interest of the company. Remuneration and reward of directors: sometimes directors are paid in extra and bonuses are given. This lays the emphasis of issue on corporate governance. Reliability of financial reporting and external auditors: this is a critical issue raised by the investors, because of the management accountability consideration. Shareholders rights and responsibilities: investors should be provided all the information that seems relevant to them. Composition and balance of the board: scandals usually place when there the board has one senior executive. Because it may happen that the single director get biased, or establishes his own interest. And if there are more than one director in the board there would be lack of formal relationships, and decision would be taken on the basis of personal recommendation. Hence there should be balance in the board having required talent, competency and skills. Boards responsibility for risk management and internal control: if there would not be regular meetings, the board would not be able to get the full information and therefore will not be able to oversee the business aspects. Corporate social responsibility and business ethics: there should be sense of responsibility and mutual decision between the shareholders and board (Hub pages,2014). Conclusion Some critics claim that corporate governance is more than green washing. And per the essay it is true that corporate governance issues are far away than green washing. Green washing is presenting the company product and services as they are eco friendly but in reality the company is not adopting such practices that mean the company is using deceptive advertising. That can lead to adverse situation if being caught. Hence as per discussion in essay it can be said that there are more issue apart from green washing. References: Aggarwal,P Kadyan,A,.(2014), Green washing: The darker side of CSR, accessed at 28/12/2016, viewed at https://www.worldwidejournals.com/indian-journal-of-applied-research-(IJAR)/file.php?val=March_2014_1393845868_38326_20.pdf Bara,C,.2010, Corporate social responsibility international development, Hamburg Brusseau.J,.2016, The Business Ethics Workshop, V.1.0, Flat world education Inc Hopkins,M,.2007,Corporate social responsibility, Earthscan, London Hub pages,2014, issues in corporate governance, accessed on 28-december-2016, viewed at https://hubpages.com/money/CorporateGovernanceissues Mares,R,.2008, The dynamics of corporate social responsibilities, volume (33), martinus publishers, Boston Mullerat,R,.2011 ,Corporate social responsibility: the corporate governance of the 21st century, kluwer law international, The Netherlands Pillay, R,.2015 ,The changing nature of corporate social responsibility, Routledge, New York Tourani,A Ingly,C,. 2011, Handbook on emerging issues in corporate governance, Singapore Vertigans,S Ldowu,S,O,. 2016, Corporate social responsibility academic insights and impacts, Springer, Switzerland

Japanese Negotiations Essays - Negotiation, Contract Law

Japanese Negotiations Japanese Negotiation When thinking about negotiations one might not realize how often that we negotiate in our everyday lives. Almost every activity that we do, especially when involving more than just ourselves, involves negotiations in some way, such as should we eat at Burger King or at McDonalds. You negotiate with someone else or even yourself in your decision. Negotiations are also very important in business dealings. The negotiation can make or break a business deal and even ruin the relationship of the two parties. Negotiations are a fine art that is very difficult to master, if the mastering of it is even possible. Different people negotiate in different ways, but every society follows the same basic guidelines for the most part. This is not true whenever you look at different cultures and their negotiation styles and tactics. Sometimes these styles can be very different from what we have grown a custom to. The United States for example has negotiation styles and rules that differ quit a bit fro m those of the Japanese. This is why it is important to keep these differences in mind when dealing with the Japanese whether it involves business or personal issues. For the sake of simplicity, we will be looking mainly at the business aspect of negotiations. This report will cover the basics of negotiation with the Japanese. This is only a brief guideline; one should keep in mind that if you are planning to take this subject further much more research should be done to fully understand all aspects of this area. The beginning of a negotiation can be a very critical one. For the most part, Americans want to jump right in a get down to business. This is do in mainly to our society and its fast paced way of doing business. We live in a fast paced world and feel that things need to be done quickly. This is not the same feeling shared by the Japanese though. When negotiating with Japanese, they like to take the time to get to know the other party first. They give great importance to trust when dealing with others. They need to know more about the other party in order to achieve trust in them. If Americans expect a negotiation with Japanese within the U.S. framework of a brief introduction, discussion of technical matters, supply and cost bargaining, and closing, they will surely be disappointed. Japanese, on the other hand, will feel rushed and pressured if they discover they will not spend much time finding out about the school backgrounds, relative company status, and family backgrounds of U. S . negotiators. Japanese need to feel a sense of harmony and cooperation. Without this phatic communication, of what from a U.S. perspective is trivial information (but nonetheless has an important function of building trust). Japanese feel that their relationship is not anchored and may drift. This is an uneasy situation in the extremely competitive world of Japanese business (McCreary p25-26). After this information is shared the Japanese will feel that they can enter into the negotiations. The negotiation normally follows the same pattern, or stages. After the introduction and the gathering of trust, the next stage is usually made up of the technical details of the product. The Japanese often insist on every single detail being explained several times. This once again is due to the issue of trust. They try to see if the details vary at all. The bargaining stage normally follows next. The U.S. style of negotiations normally causes the U.S. team to focus on prices that will be too h igh or too low. In contrary, Japanese normally shot for prices that are more reasonable. More of this will be discussed later. The final stage involves the strategies that lead to the signing of the contract. It is very important to keep in mind that the Japanese feel that a product that is not up to standard, that was presented in the negotiation are looked on as being shameful to the individual. They value the honesty of a deal and those involved in the deal very much. When doing business, many American companies rely on contracts to bind the agreement. The contract is looked

Definition and Examples of Lexicogrammar

Definition and Examples of Lexicogrammar Lexicogrammar is a term used in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) to emphasize the interdependence ofand continuity betweenvocabulary (lexis) and syntax (grammar). The term lexicogrammar (literally, lexicon plus grammar) was introduced by linguist M.A.K. Halliday. Adjective: lexicogrammatical. Also, called lexical grammar. The advent of corpus linguistics, notes Michael Pearce, has made the identification of lexicogrammatical patterns much easier than it once was (Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies, 2007). Examples and Observations Vocabulary and grammatical structures are interdependent; so much so that it is possible to say with some justification that words have their own grammar. This interdependency of lexis and grammar is evident everywhere in language. For example, lexical verbs have valency patterns: some verbs can be used with a direct object (I made some oven gloves), or with both a direct object and an indirect object (The government awarded them a pay rise), others need no object at all (The Colonel was laughing).  (Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007)The heart of language is the abstract level of coding that is the lexicogrammar. (I see no reason why we should not retain the term grammar in this, its traditional sense; the purpose of introducing the more cumbersome term lexicogrammar is simply to make explicit the point that vocabulary is also a part of it, along with syntax and morphology).  (M.A.K. Halliday, Systemic Background, 1985. On Langu age and Linguistics. Continuum, 2003) [A]ccording to systemic functional theory, lexicogrammar is diversified into a metafunctional spectrum, extended in delicacy from grammar to lexis, and ordered into a series of ranked units.  (M.A.K. Halliday, Hallidays Introduction to Functional Grammar, 4th ed., revised by Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen. Routledge, 2013)[L]exico-grammar is now very fashionable, but it does not integrate the two types of pattern as its name might suggestit is fundamentally grammar with a certain amount of attention to lexical patterns within the grammatical frameworks; it is not in any sense an attempt to build together a grammar and lexis on an equal basis...Lexico-grammar is still firmly a kind of grammar, laced, or perhaps spiked with some lexis. (John Sinclair, Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse, edited with Ronald Carter. Routledge, 2004) Lexicogrammar and Semantics Just as lexis and grammar are considered to form a single stratum, Halliday considers that the lexicogrammar is not a separate system or module apart from semantics, but is rather an underlying component of the meaning-making system of a language. The stratum of semantics is thus not thought of as an abstract or logical structure, but rather as the medium through which humans use language to interact in their social and cultural context. A consequence of this is that the language, and in particular the lexicogrammar, is structured by the expressive and communicative functions it has evolved to convey.   (Christopher Gledhill, A Lexicogrammar Approach to Checking Quality: Looking at One or Two Cases of Comparative Translation. Perspectives on Translation Quality, ed. by Ilse Depraetere. Walter de Gruyter, 2011) Lexicogrammar and Corpus Linguistics Generalizations on the structure of language tell us little about how people actually use the language, and consequently how a language really is. The patterns of structural and lexical behaviour are not revealed by the linguists introspection or from a few examples chosen to fit the pattern. This is the conclusion that increasingly is being drawn from a growing body of linguistic research on large computer corpora or databases. It is only when we come to investigate a language from samples of millions of words of running text that we can really begin to understand how words and structures behave and interact...A theory of language or a model of a particular language . . . has to account for use as attested by corpus linguistic research. If such a theory purports to give rise to language description, it must have the potential to incorporate the vagaries and idiosyncrasies of lexicogrammatical behaviour and the cryptotypical phenomena which are uncovered by the observation of languag e use on a significantly larger scale.  (Gordon H. Tucker, The Lexicogrammar of Adjectives: A Systemic Functional Approach to Lexis. Continuum, 1998) Alternate Spellings: lexico-grammar

Factors Affecting the Performance of Employees Research Paper

Factors Affecting the Performance of Employees - Research Paper Example The human resource policies and strategies of an organization are the key determinants of employees’ performance (Armstrong, 2006). For example, in my previous employment, there were various incentives such as Christmas bonuses to employees, which aimed at motivating employees. Despite the human resource policies and strategies, the interrelationships of various departments of the organization, inter-organizational relations, and demographic factors have an impact on employees’ performance. According to Armstrong (2006), human resources are valuable assets for an organization. Understanding the issues, which influence worker performance, may be key to enhancing employee’s productivity and morale. Organizations formulate strategies for providing an excellent work environment in order to attract and retain the best employees. These strategies should address those factors that affect the performance of workers. These factors may be within or outside the company, inc luding those factors emanating from the employee’s personal lives. The paper will discuss the following factors as determinants of employees’ performance. These factors include ability, knowledge and skills, feedback, environment, standards, and motivation.  Ã‚  Motivation is the key to an effective organization to sustain the stability of the work in a strong way and help the survival of the organization. Motivation is discovering a requirement inside the workers and assisting to attain it. Motivation enables employees to widen their skills to meet the organizational objectives. Motivation drives human beings to achieve their objectives and company objectives through each challenge and limitation they experience in their workplace. The need of accomplishment leads in a desire to put extra effort to have something done better and the desire for success. There are three internal forces that influence an individual’s behavior; direction, intensity, and persisten ce. In terms of direction, motivation is directed by objectives while in terms of intensity, it is the amount of effort allotted. In terms of persistence, it is the time and effort applied. The following are the five main approaches of motivation; Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Adams’ equity theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, and Skinner’s reinforcement theory (Herzberg, 1987). Maslow points out that there are five levels of employee needs; safety, physiological, ego, social, and self-actualizing. Maslow observed that employees are motivated when their low-level needs are satisfied first before the next high-level needs. Herzberg’s study classified motivation into two factors; hygiene and motivators. Intrinsic or motivator factors, such as recognition and achievement lead to job satisfaction. Extrinsic or hygiene factors, such as level of remuneration and degree of job security generate job dissatisfaction. Vro om’s approach is based on the idea that worker effort will result in performance, which will result in rewards. The rewards can be either negative or positive. The more positive the prize the more probable the worker will be extremely motivated (Armstrong, 2006). On the contrary, the more negative the prize, the less probable the worker will be motivated.  Ã‚  

Consensual Relationship Agreements Research Paper

Consensual Relationship Agreements - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that romance at the place of work is expected to happen because the offices consist of individuals who share common interests and relate with one another on a daily basis. Therefore, it is vital for the managers to accept this situation and embrace it, but at the same time implementing policies that will address office romance. Most companies do not have workplace romance policies, as they forbid the romance itself, since they view office romance as a contributing factor to conflict of the organization’s interests, especially in a hierarchical aspect where a boss may be dating a subordinate. The consensual relationship agreement (CRA) involves the two individuals acknowledging that their relationship is voluntary and promising to behave professionally while at the place of work. They also agree to behave ethically, therefore not offending other employees with their behavior; favoritism between them is discouraged. Moreover, the invol ved parties at the workplace are required to sign the consensual relationship agreement and abide by its rules and regulations. However, workplace romance can at times compromise the employees’ concentration, especially when the two lovebirds work in the same place. According to Amaral, the mixture of genders in the places of work and time spent together creates room for growth of romantic feelings towards the employees, which yields to significant consequences. Most managers are sued by their employees for sexual harassment and failed relationships. Therefore, CRA works as a savior for employers in such situations. In addition, a relationship that has the potential of yielding to a lawsuit is not worth it; therefore, CRAs creates a balance between individual interests. According to Amaral, office romance has serious repercussions such as low productivity, as other employees believe that the boss is favoring his partner who is an employee. Therefore, the author would recommen d the use of consensual relationship agreements, as their rules oppose favoritism and encourage professionalism. Upon signing this agreement, the involved parties are expected to comply with the rules and regulations of the CRAs. Consensual relationship agreements also reduce legal issues associated with sexual harassment. Upon signing a consensual relationship agreement, the parties attest that they are in the relationship voluntarily, and therefore, sexual harassment is out of the question. In addition, CRA ensures that a relationship ends amicably, without involving lawsuits. To regulate office romances, consensual relationship agreements are essential; not many employees and employers wish to sign the contract, and as a result, their relationship is not allowed. Therefore, the organization is not liable for any negative outcomes. The consensual relationship agreement makes it difficult for an employee to claim that the relationship was unwelcome, especially if the relationship g oes sour since he/she signed the agreement voluntarily. In addition, CRA ensures that the involved employees are governed by a no-harassment policy, and therefore, reducing the lawsuits associated with sexual harassment.

Literature Review on Polygamy

Literature Review on Polygamy Polygamy is an intricate phenomenon and a result of power relations, with profound social, cultural, financial, and political roots. Regardless of being prohibited in numerous nations, the practice holds on and has been connected with women marginalization and emotional well-being sequelae. In this study, Daoud, Shoham-Vardi, Urquia and Campo, (2014) tried to enhance comprehension of this progressing, complex phenomenon by analyzing the commitment of financial position, social support to the abundance of depressive side effects and poor self-appraised wellbeing among women in polygamous marriages contrasted with women in monogamous marriages. Measuring the commitment of these elements could encourage approaches and mediations went for ensuring womens psychological wellness. The research was directed among an example of Arab Bedouin women living in a marginalized group in southern Israel (N=464, age 18-50). The females were actually met in 2008-2009. The researchers used logistic regr ession models to figure the commitment of Socio economic position (as characterized by the women training, family SEP, and family attributes) and social support to abundance of depressive indications and poor SRH among members in polygamous versus monogamous marriages. Results showed that around 23% of the members were in polygamous marriages. These women announced twice over chances of depressive signs and poorer self-rated health than those in monogamous marriages. Females training changed these affiliations marginally, yet family SEP and family unit attributes brought about for all intents and purposes no further change. Social bolster lessened the chances for poor SRH and DS by around 23% and 28%, respectively. Polygamy is connected with higher hazard for poor emotional wellness of women paying little mind to their SEP and training. Social bolster appears to have some defensive impact. Another study which was led by Al-Krenawi, Graham and Izzeldin (2001). In this research the sample was taken from refugee camps outside Gaza City. Snowball sampling technique was used to collect the sample of 187 females (100 senior or first spouses, 87 junior or second wives) in polygamous marriages. They completed questionnaires basic demographic information, Rosenbergs Self-Esteem (SE), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Senior and junior spouses experienced crowded housing conditions. Senior wives perceived fundamentally more financial issues than did junior wives. In perceived relationship fulfillment significant difference occurred, with junior spouses less disappointed than senior wives. Significant differences occurred in five measurements of the BSI: somatization, interpersonal affectability, gloom, nervousness, and phobic uneasiness, with senior spouses scoring higher than junior wives on all subscales. Self-esteem scores were altogether lower among senior than junior s pouses. Socio-demographic and psychological discoveries are broke down in connection to financial, interpersonal, and intra-familial stressors, and social arrangement settings. On the other hand, Chaleby, (1985) examined that whether Kuwaiti spouses of polygamous marriages were extremely represented to in the inpatient psychiatric instead of the general public. A second intention was to decide the degree of the relationship between psychiatric issue and marital condition. Preliminary data showed that the rate of spouses of polygamous marriages was essentially more prominent in the inpatient psychiatric populace than in the all-inclusive community of Kuwait, as reflected in the 1975 registration. Moreover, the outcomes recommended a relationship between the way of psychiatric issue and the conjugal circumstance. Exchange clarifications of the information are progressed, and the requirement for controlled future studies drafted. However, Slonim, Nevo and Al-Krenawi (2006) conducted a study. For this study, the researchers interviewed 10 polygamous families, who were living in a Bedouin Arab town in the south of Israel. Every one of the 10 families were comprising of 1 spouse, 2 wives, and kids. Five individuals were met in every family: first spouse, second wife, the oldest child of first and second wife, and the husband. Among 10 families five families were viewed as well-working families and five as ineffectively working. Results revealed that polygamy is difficult in both well-working and ineffectively working families, especially for spouses. In any case, there are numerous customs and mastery that encourage individuals from the family to function well. Among them are acknowledgment of polygamy as Gods desire or fate, square with equal distribution of resources among both families by the spouse, partition between the two families, evasion of minor clashes and differences, keeping up a disposition of rega rd toward the other wife, and permitting open communication among all siblings, children and the other mother. Researchers likewise examined the need to create, execute, and assess family mediation programs for polygamous families among various communities in the world. In like manner, working with polygamous families some clinical implications are likewise investigated. A report of research which depends on those females who were being found in essential medicinal services focuses by Al-Krenawi. The sample comprises of 126 Bedouin-Arab women from polygamous families (1999). Of these, 94 were senior spouses who were trailed by another wife in the marriage, and 32 were junior wives, the latest wife joining the marriage. Information uncovered that senior spouses showed lower self-esteem when contrasted with junior wives. Findings additionally revealed that senior spouses showed poorer associations with their husbands contrasted with their junior counterparts. Often when a spouse wedded a second wife, the marriage could be founded on adoration, instead of parental course of action, a trade, or relationship as in the first. These variables likewise add to the senior spouses low self-esteem and marital disappointment. Furthermore, another study was conducted by Al-Krenawi, Graham and Al-Krenawi (1997) this study examined the information in view of understudy documents of 25 Bedouin-Arab children born to senior mothers of polygamous families. The interviews were conducted with children teachers and mothers. Mothers reported that their children had an assortment of behavioral issues, and below average academic achievement. Mothers griped of substantial side effects, financial issues, poor relations with the spouse, and competition and desire between the co-wives and among the co-wives children. Social work practice ought to perceive the social and individual essentialness of polygamy to relatives; value the noteworthiness of polygamy to childrens functioning; select children as an objective framework for intercession; and strengthen the Islamic value base for mediations.

Billy Sunday Essay -- Essays Papers

Billy Sunday For almost a quarter century Billy Sunday was a household name in the United States. Between 1902 when he first made the pages of the New York Times and 1935 when the paper covered his death and memorial service in detail, people who knew anything about current events had heard of the former major league baseball player who was preaching sin and salvation to large crowds all over America. Not everyone who knew of the famous evangelist liked him. Plenty of outspoken critics spoke of his flashy style and criticized his conservative doctrines. But he had hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of loyal defenders, and they were just as loud in their praise as the critics were in their criticism. Whether people stood for or against the Reverend William A. Sunday, they all agreed that it was difficult to be indifferent toward him. The religious leader was so extraordinarily popular, opinionated, and vocal that indifference was the last thing that he would get from people. His most loyal admirers were confident that this rural-breed preacher was God’s mouthpiece, calling Americans to repentance. Sunday’s critics said that at best he was a well-meaning buffoon whose sermons vulgarized and trivialized the Christian message and at worst he was a disgrace to the name of Christ (Dorsett 2). There are elements of truth in both of these views. He was often guilty of oversimplifying biblical truths, and at times he spoke more out of ignorance than a heavenly viewpoint. He was also a man with numerous flaws. He spoiled his children, giving them everything that they asked for. He put enormous responsibility on his wife, burdening her with many aspects of his ministry. He always noticeably sought the applause of the crowd for his own praise. He often confused the will of God with his own social and political agenda. He even sometimes compared the gospel of Jesus Christ with special interest and American foreign policy. Nevertheless, Billy Sunday was a sincere man whose life was fundamentally changed by his response to an evangelist’s call to repent of his sins, to believe that Jesus Christ died in his place for those sins, and to follow Christ in thanksgiving by worshiping and obeying him. Following this spiritual rebirth, the convert became deeply devoted to Jesus Christ. A devotion manifested in living out many of ... ...ee baseball seasons stood up at the street preacher’s invitation and abruptly announced to his teammates on the curb, â€Å"Boys I bid the old life good-bye.† Billy considered going down during the invitation but did not. After several days of agonizing over this Billy went back to the mission and decided, â€Å"With Christ you are saved, without him you are lost† (Sunday â€Å"Satan† 4). He â€Å"committed† his life that night to a cause that he saw was more important than any baseball game ever played. Despite becoming largely famous after being traded to Philadelphia, it would be the results of that decision at the Pacific Garden Mission that the world would remember Billy Sunday for. Some applauded Sunday and his methods; others did not. But there is no question that Sunday’s sensational career was a phenomenon Americans would not soon forget. Works Cited Dorsett, Lyle W. Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub, 1991. Ellis, William T. Billy Sunday: The Man and His Message. n.p., 1914. Sunday, Billy. Billy Sunday’s Sermons. Omaha: Omaha Daily News, 1915. Sunday, Billy. Face to Face With Satan. Knoxville: Prudential Pub, 1923.